Ibintu byo kwitondera kubyerekeye gutangira byoroshye

Intangiriro yoroshye nibintu byingenzi muri sisitemu nyinshi zinganda, bigira uruhare runini muguhuza umuvuduko numuriro wa moteri yamashanyarazi. Mugukomeza neza voltage ihabwa moteri, itangira ryoroheje rigabanya imihangayiko, kugabanya ingufu z'amashanyarazi, no kugabanya amahirwe yo kwangirika kwamashanyarazi. Iyi ngingo iracengera cyane mubyo byoroshye gutangira moteri, uko ikora, inyungu zayo, kandi itanga igereranya ryuzuye hagati yintangiriro yoroshye nubundi buryo bwo gutangiza moteri.

Byoroheje Gutangira Porogaramu na Gukoresha

Amashanyarazi yoroshye yatangijwe yakozwe kugirango acunge umuvuduko numuriro wa moteri yamashanyarazi ya AC mugihe cyo gutangira no kuzimya, byongerera moteri kuramba hamwe na sisitemu. Ibyo babigeraho bongera buhoro buhoro voltage kuri moteri, bigafasha gutangira nta nkomyi no kugabanya kwambara no kurira kubikoresho bya mashini nka gare na bishing. Ubwiyongere bwa voltage buhoro buhoro burakomeza kugeza moteri igeze ku muvuduko wayo wagenwe, icyo gihe icyuma gitangira cyoroshye gihinduka amashanyarazi yuzuye. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, mugihe cyo guhagarika, voltage yo gutanga igenda igabanuka buhoro buhoro kugirango umuvuduko wihuse kugeza moteri ihagaritse burundu, icyo gihe ibyinjira byinjira mumashanyarazi birahagarara.

Kubireba ihame ryakazi ryintangiriro yoroshye, thyristor nigice cyingenzi kigenzura voltage. Iyo irembo ryimbere ryakoreshejwe, ritangiza imigendekere yicyerekezo kimwe, kizwi nka firing pulse. Inguni ya firing igena igice cyinjiza voltage cycle yemerewe kunyura, kuva kuri zeru kugeza kuri dogere 180.

Mugihe usuzumye igihe cyo gukoresha intangiriro yoroshye, zirakoreshwa muburyo butandukanye, harimo:

• Sisitemu yo kuvoma
• Imikandara ya convoyeur
• Abafana hamwe na sisitemu isa na sisitemu
• Kumenagura no kuvanga
• Sisitemu ya Bypass kubwimpamvu zirenze urugero

Nigute Intangiriro yoroshye ikora?

Intangiriro yoroshye ikora muguhindura voltage itangwa kuri moteri, ikiyongera buhoro buhoro kuva kurwego rwo hasi kugeza kuri voltage yuzuye. Nkuko izina ryayo ribigaragaza, ituma moteri itangira buhoro. Ibi bikoresho nibyingenzi mubikorwa bikoreshwa na moteri kugirango wirinde kwangiza imashini no guhangayika. Kwiyongera kwa voltage bibaho mubyiciro bijyanye na progaramu yihariye. Nubwo voltage izamuka gahoro gahoro, moteri irashobora kugera kumuvuduko wuzuye, gusa mugihe gitandukanye, tubikesha thyristors cyangwa imiterere ya reta ikomeye.

Intangiriro yoroshye ishobora kwangiza moteri?

Mugushushanya, gutangira byoroshye bigamije kurinda moteri, ntabwo rero byangiza. Ariko, ifite aho igarukira. Ntibuze kugenzura umuvuduko, gusa igenzura kwinjiza voltage. Byongeye kandi, gutangira byoroshye akenshi bisaba ubushyuhe bwo gukonjesha amashanyarazi, kuko bigabanya ingufu nkubushyuhe. Itangiriro ryumuriro ryaragabanutse, ariko mubisanzwe biremewe kubikoresho bito cyangwa bito-bitangira.

Ubwoko bwa Byoroheje Bitangira

Ukurikije ibisabwa byihariye, ubwoko butandukanye bworoshye butangira burahari:

1. Primary Resistor: Azwiho gutangira neza, abarwanya ibanze batanga kwihuta kwingingo zibiri, nibyiza kuri moteri ikenera urumuri ruke kugirango birinde kwangirika kwimashini, nka moteri yikigage.
2. Autotransformer: Izi zikoresha kanda kuri transformateur ihinduranya hamwe nuburyo bworoshye bwo kugenzura ibyinjira mumashanyarazi, bigatuma bikwiranye no gutangira inyenyeri cyangwa guhuza delta, moteri ya induction yibice 3.
3. Igice-Kuzunguruka: Nibyiza kuri moteri itanga imbaraga za centrifugal, nkibiri muri pompe, abafana, na blowers. Imbaraga zikoreshwa kumurongo umwe uzunguruka kugirango ugabanye gutangira kugabanuka na torque.
4. Wye-Delta: Iraboneka mugihe cyinzibacyuho ifunguye cyangwa ifunze, Intangiriro ya Wye-Delta irashobora gukoreshwa gusa muri moteri ifite aho ihurira na buri coil ihindagurika. Bikunze gukoreshwa mububasha bunini bwamafarasi na moteri ya induction yibice bitatu.
5. Leta ikomeye: Akenshi ikoreshwa mubikorwa byinganda, sisitemu ya HVAC, ibikoresho byo gutunganya, kuzamura, gucukura amabuye y'agaciro, nibindi byinshi, intangiriro-ikomeye itangira gusimbuza ibikoresho bya mashini nibindi byamashanyarazi hakoreshejwe ibyuma bikoreshwa na silikoni (SCRs).

Ibyiza nibibi bya Byoroheje Byatangiye Kumashanyarazi

Iyo bigeze kumashanyarazi ya moteri, byoroshye gutangira bitanga ibyiza byinshi. Ntibagabanya gusa guhangayikishwa na moteri mugihe bareba ko bigera kumuvuduko wuzuye ahubwo binagabanya gukoresha ingufu no kongera imikorere ya sisitemu. Mubihe bimwe, byoroshye gutangira ni nkenerwa.

Ibyiza bya Byoroheje Bitangira

1. Kugabanya Stress kuri Moteri:
   Inyungu yibanze yintangiriro yoroshye nubushobozi bwabo bwo kugabanya imihangayiko kuri moteri. Mugihe cyo kongera ingufu za voltage, zigabanya imbaraga zumukanishi n amashanyarazi, bityo bikongerera igihe moteri kandi bikagabanya ibikenerwa byo kubungabunga.

2. Inzira yo Hasi:
   Intangiriro yoroshye kandi igabanya amashanyarazi ya inrush - ubwinshi bwumuyaga uba mugihe cyo gutangira - bishobora kwangiza amashanyarazi kandi bikazamura ingufu zikoreshwa. Mugabanye uku kwiyongera, gutangira byoroshye bitanga ubundi buryo bwo kurinda amashanyarazi.

3. Kunoza imbaraga z'ingufu:
   Kwihuta gahoro koroherezwa nintangiriro yoroshye byongera imbaraga zingufu, nicyo kigereranyo cyimbaraga zikora nimbaraga zigaragara mumashanyarazi. Iterambere ryingufu zitera kugabanuka kwingufu, kugabanuka kwingufu, no gukora neza sisitemu.

Ingaruka zo Gutangira Byoroheje

Mugihe intangiriro yoroshye itanga ibibi bike, bifite aho bigarukira mugihe ugereranije na drives ya variable (VFDs).

1. Kubura kugenzura umuvuduko:
   Intangiriro yoroshye itangiza kugabanya itangwa rya moteri ariko bitanga ubushobozi bwo kugenzura umuvuduko. Kuri porogaramu aho kugenzura umuvuduko ari ngombwa, VFD irashobora gukoreshwa aho.

2. Kugabanuka Gutangira Torque:
   Yashizweho kugirango ikumire ibibazo bya mashini no kugabanya amashanyarazi, intangiriro yoroshye irashobora kugabanya umuriro mugihe cyo gutangira. Ibi birashobora kuba imbogamizi ikomeye kuri porogaramu zisaba itangiriro ryinshi, nk'imizigo iremereye cyangwa imashini-inertia nyinshi. Mu bihe nk'ibi, intangiriro yoroshye ntishobora gutanga itara rikenewe kugirango moteri ikore neza.

3. Ibibazo byo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe:
   Intangiriro yoroshye, cyane cyane ikoresha ibikoresho bya semiconductor nka thyristors, itanga ubushyuhe mugihe ikora. Gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe neza ni ngombwa kugirango wirinde ubushyuhe bwinshi nibishobora kwangirika. Mubisabwa aho ubushyuhe bwibidukikije cyangwa igishushanyo mbonera gishobora kubangamira ikwirakwizwa ryubushyuhe, ibibazo byokwizerwa hamwe nigihe cyo kubaho gishobora kuvuka. Gukonjesha neza no gucunga neza ni ngombwa kugirango ugabanye iyi mbogamizi.

Guhitamo Iburyo bworoshye butangira: Ibintu ugomba gusuzuma

Mugihe uhisemo icyuma gitangira cyoroshye kuri moteri yawe, ibintu byinshi bigomba kwitabwaho kugirango urebe neza ko uhitamo igikwiye kubyo usaba. Dore ibintu by'ingenzi tugomba gusuzuma:

1. Porogaramu n'ubwoko bwa moteri:
   • Ubwoko butandukanye bwa moteri, nka moteri ya induction cyangwa moteri ihoraho ya moteri, ifite imiterere yihariye yo gutangira kandi irashobora gusaba ibintu byoroshye byoroshye gutangira.
   • Reba ikoreshwa rya moteri, nka pompe, abafana, cyangwa igikonjo, kuko bifite ibihe bitandukanye byinshingano nibisabwa gutangira.
2. Ingano ya moteri:
   • Moteri nini zisaba byinshi bigezweho mugitangira kandi birashobora gukenera byoroshye gutangira byoroshye kugirango ibyifuzo byiyongere.
3. Umuvuduko n'ibisabwa muri iki gihe:
   • Menya neza ko intangiriro yoroshye ishobora gukora voltage nibisabwa bya moteri nibisabwa byihariye byo gusaba.
4. Umubare wintangiriro kumasaha:
   • Niba porogaramu isaba umubare munini wintangiriro kumasaha, tekereza kuringaniza igice kugirango ampacity irenze kugirango wemererwe kugabanuka kuva kenshi.
5. Ibisabwa:
   • Reba ibisabwa byihariye nkibisanzwe, munsi ya voltage, cyangwa kurinda ubushyuhe.
   • Menya niba igikoresho kigenzurwa nicyiciro cya 3 cyangwa ibyiciro 2 bigenzurwa byoroshye gutangira, kuko bifite inrush zitandukanye.
   • Reba ubushyuhe bwibidukikije hamwe na derate isanzwe kubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwibidukikije.

Kugereranya nubundi buryo bwo gutangiza moteri:
Intangiriro yoroshye itanga inyungu nyinshi kurenza ubundi buryo bwo gutangiza moteri nko gutangira umurongo (DOL) gutangira, inyenyeri-delta gutangira, hamwe na drives ya variable ya VFDs:

• Gutangira neza kandi bigenzurwa gutangira, kugabanya guhangayikishwa nibikoresho bya mashini n'amashanyarazi.
• Guhindura ibicuruzwa birenze urugero kugirango ugabanye kwangirika kwamashanyarazi no kunoza sisitemu.
• Ingufu nyinshi zirenze DOL gutangira.
• Igiciro-cyiza kuri moteri nto ugereranije na VFDs.

Ababikora bagomba gusuzuma:
Mugihe ugura imashini yoroshye itangira, tekereza kubakora nka Eaton, ABB, Toshiba:

• Eaton itanga ibintu byoroshye, byinshi-bikora, byoroshye-kwishyiriraho, kandi byoroshye-gutangiza porogaramu igenewe kugenzura ibyiciro bitatu.
• ABB itanga uburyo bwo kurinda moteri yubatswe, gushiraho byoroshye, hamwe no kuzigama ingufu zo kuzigama ingufu, hamwe nibintu bigezweho nko kugenzura umuriro no gusukura pompe.

Ibikoresho by'inyongera:
Kumakuru yihariye yibicuruzwa, ibisobanuro byibicuruzwa, hamwe nibyifuzo byimikorere, hamagara itsinda rya Service hamwe ninkunga yumurwi uzwi utangira utanga isoko.