Izinto ekufuneka uziqaphele malunga neziqalisi ezithambileyo

Iziqalisi ezithambileyo ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo kwiinkqubo ezininzi zemizi-mveliso, zisebenza indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni isantya kunye netorque yeenjini zombane. Ngokunyusa kakuhle amandla ombane anikezelweyo kwimoto, iziqalisi ezithambileyo zinciphisa uxinzelelo lomatshini, zinciphise uxinzelelo lombane, kwaye zinciphise ukubakho komonakalo wombane. Eli nqaku liphengulula nzulu ukuba zeziphi iziqalisi ezithambileyo zeenjini, indlela ezisebenza ngayo, izibonelelo zazo, kwaye libonelela ngothelekiso olubanzi phakathi kweziqalisi ezithambileyo kunye nezinye iindlela zokuqalisa iimoto.

Izicelo zokuQalisa ezithambileyo kunye nokuSetyenziswa

Iziqalisi ezithambileyo zombane zenzelwe ukulawula isantya kunye netorque yeenjini zombane ze-AC ngexesha lokuqalisa kunye nokuvalwa, ukomeleza ubomi obude kunye nokuxhomekeka kwenkqubo. Bakwenza oku ngokunyusa ngokuthe ngcembe amandla ombane kwimoto, bevumela ukuqalisa ngaphandle komthungo kunye nokunciphisa ukunxiba kunye nokukrazula kwizinto ezinjengoomatshini kunye neebheringi. Oku kunyuka kancinci kwamandla ombane kuyaqhubeka de imoto ifikelele kwisantya esilinganiselweyo, ngelo xesha isiqalisi esithambileyo sitshintshela kubonelelo lombane olupheleleyo. Ngokufanayo, ngexesha lokuvalwa, i-voltage yokubonelela iyancipha ngokuthe ngcembe ukuthotywa okugudileyo de imoto iyeke ngokupheleleyo, ngelo xesha unikezelo lombane lokufaka luqhawulwa.

Ngokuphathelele umgaqo wokusebenza we-soft starter, i-thyristor yinto ephambili elawula i-voltage. Xa i-pulse yesango isetyenzisiwe, iqalisa ukuhamba kwangoku kwindlela enye, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-pulse yokudubula. I-angle ye-pulse yokudubula inquma inxalenye yomjikelezo wegalelo lombane ovunyelwe ukuba udlule, ukusuka kwi-zero ukuya kwii-180 degrees.

Xa kuqwalaselwa ixesha lokusebenzisa iziqalo ezithambileyo, ziyasebenza kuluhlu olubanzi lweemeko, kubandakanya:

• Iinkqubo zokumpompa
• Iibhanti zokuthutha
• Iifeni kunye neenkqubo ezifanayo eziqhutywa ngamabhanti
• Izityuli kunye nezixube
• Iinkqubo ze-Bypass ngeenjongo zokungafuneki

Isebenza Njani i-Soft Starter?

Iziqalisi ezithambileyo zisebenza ngokulawula amandla ombane anikezelweyo kwimoto, ngokucothayo ukuwanyusa ukusuka kwinqanaba elisezantsi ukuya kumbane osebenza ngokupheleleyo. Njengoko igama layo libonisa, yenza ukuba injini iqale kancinci. Ezi zixhobo zibalulekile kwizicelo eziqhutywa yimoto ukuthintela umonakalo womatshini kunye noxinzelelo. Ukunyuka kwamandla ombane kwenzeka kwizigaba ezilungiselelwe usetyenziso oluthile. Nangona i-voltage inyuka ngokuthe ngcembe, i-motor isenokufumana isantya esipheleleyo, ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo, enkosi kwi-thyristors okanye iipatheni zokutshintsha kwemeko eqinileyo.

Ngaba iSiqalisi esithambileyo sinokuyonakalisa iMoto?

Ngoyilo, isiqalisi esithambileyo sijolise ekukhuseleni i-motor, ukuze singabangeli umonakalo. Nangona kunjalo, inemida ethile. Ayinayo isantya solawulo, ilawula kuphela unikezelo lombane longeniso. Ukongeza, isiqalisi esithambileyo sihlala sifuna isinki yobushushu ukupholisa iiswitshi zamandla, njengoko sichitha amandla athile njengobushushu. I-torque yokuqala iyancipha, kodwa oku kuyamkeleka ngokubanzi kwizicelo ze-torque eziphantsi okanye eziphakathi.

Iintlobo zeSoft Starters

Ngokusekwe kwiimfuno zakho ezithile, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuqalisa ezithambileyo ziyafumaneka:

1. I-Resistor yokuQala: Eyaziwa ngokuqala okugudileyo, ii-resistors eziphambili zibonelela ngokukhawuleziswa kwamanqaku amabini, zilungele iimotor ezifuna i-torque encinci ukunqanda ukonakala koomatshini, njengeemotor ze-squirrel cage.
2. I-Autotransformer: Ezi zisebenzisa iimpompo kwii-windings ze-transformer kunye nokuguquguquka okwakhelwe ngaphakathi ukulawula igalelo lamandla eemoto, okwenza ukuba zilungele ukuqala inkwenkwezi okanye i-delta-eqhagamshelwe, i-3-phase induction motors.
3. Inxalenye-Umoya: Ilungele iimoto ezivelisa amandla aphakathi, njengalawo akwiimpompo, iifeni, kunye nezivutheli. Amandla asetyenziswa kwiseti enye yokujija ukuvelisa ukuncitshiswa kokuqala kwangoku kunye ne-torque.
4. I-Wye-Delta: Ifumaneka kwinguqu evulekileyo okanye evaliweyo, abaqalisi be-Wye-Delta banokusetyenziswa kuphela kwiimotor ezineendawo zokuqhagamshela kwi-coil winding nganye. Ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziswa kumandla amakhulu eenjini kunye nenqanaba lesithathu leenjini zokungeniswa.
5. Ilizwe eliqinileyo: Ihlala isetyenziswa kwizicelo zemizi-mveliso, iinkqubo zeHVAC, izixhobo zokusebenza, izinyusi, imigodi, kunye nokunye, iziqalelo eziqinileyo zithatha indawo yezixhobo zombane ngombane zisebenzisa ii-silicon-controlled rectifiers (SCRs).

IiPros and Cons of Soft Starters for Electric Motors

Xa kuziwa kwizicelo zeemoto zombane, iziqalisi ezithambileyo zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi. Abapheleli nje ekunciphiseni uxinzelelo kwimoto ngelixa beqinisekisa ukuba ifikelela kwisantya esipheleleyo kodwa banciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo. Kwiimeko ezithile, iziqalo ezithambileyo ziphantse zibe yimfuneko.

Izinto eziluncedo kwiSoft Starters

1. Ukunciphisa uxinzelelo kwiiMoto:
   Inzuzo ephambili yeziqalisi ezithambileyo kukukwazi kwabo ukunciphisa uxinzelelo kwiimotor. Ngokwandisa amandla ombane, banciphisa zombini uxinzelelo lomatshini kunye nombane, ngaloo ndlela bandisa ubomi bemoto kunye nokuncipha kweemfuno zokulondolozwa.

2. Imijikelo yokuHamba okuNgezantsi:
   Iziqalo ezithambileyo zikwanciphisa umsinga wokungena-ukunyuka kwangoku okwenzekayo ngexesha lokuqalisa-okunokuthi kwenzekalise inkqubo yombane kunye nokunyusa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla. Ngokunciphisa oku kunyuka, iziqalisi ezithambileyo zibonelela ngokhuseleko olongezelelweyo lwenkqubo yombane.

3. Ukuphuculwa kweFactor yaMandla:
   Ukukhawulezisa okuthe chu okuququzelelwa ziziqalisi ezithambileyo kwandisa umba wamandla, ongumlinganiselo wamandla asebenzayo kumandla abonakalayo kwisixokelelwano sombane. Ukuphuculwa kwamandla kukhokelela ekunciphiseni ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, iindleko eziphantsi zamandla, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo.

Ukungalungi kwee-Soft Starters

Ngelixa abaqalisi abathambileyo ngokubanzi babonelela ngezinto ezingeloncedo ezimbalwa, banemida ethile xa bethelekiswa needrive frequency drives (VFDs).

1. Ukunqongophala koLawulo lwesantya:
   Iziqalisi ezithambileyo ziyagqwesa ekunciphiseni umda okhoyo obonelelwe kwimoto kodwa zincama amandla okulawula isantya. Kwizicelo apho ulawulo lwesantya lubalulekile, iVFD ingasetyenziswa endaweni yoko.

2. I-Torque encitshisiweyo yokuQalisa:
   Yenzelwe ukuthintela uxinzelelo kumatshini kunye nokunciphisa imfuno yombane, iziqalisi ezithambileyo zinokukhawulela itorque ngexesha lokuqalisa. Oku kunokuba yintsilelo ebalulekileyo kwizicelo ezifuna i-torque ephezulu, njengemithwalo enzima okanye oomatshini abaphezulu. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, i-starter ethambileyo ayinakubonelela nge-torque efunekayo ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwemoto.

3. Imiba yokuLahlwa koBubushushu:
   Iziqalo ezithambileyo, ngakumbi ezo zisebenzisa izixhobo ze-semiconductor ezifana ne-thyristors, zivelisa ubushushu ngexesha lokusebenza. Ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu okusebenzayo kubalulekile ukukhusela ukufudumala kunye nomonakalo onokwenzeka wecandelo. Kwizicelo apho ubushushu be-ambient okanye uyilo oluvalekileyo lunokuthi luthintele ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu, imiba yokuthembeka kunye nokunciphisa ubomi bunokuthi buvele. Ukupholisa ngendlela eyiyo kunye nolawulo lobushushu kubalulekile ukuthomalalisa lo mda.

Ukukhetha iSiqalisi esiLungileyo esithambileyo: Izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe

Xa ukhetha isiqalisi esithambileyo semoto yakho, izinto ezininzi kufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukhetha eyona ilungileyo kwisicelo sakho. Nazi izinto eziphambili ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe:

1. Isicelo kunye noHlobo lweMoto:
   • Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeenjini, ezinje ngeenjini zokungeniswa okanye iimotor zemagnethi ezisisigxina, zineempawu ezizodwa zokuqalisa kwaye zinokufuna uhlengahlengiso olwahlukileyo lwesiqalisi esithambileyo.
   • Qwalasela ukusetyenziswa kwemoto, njengeempompo, iifeni, okanye izityuli, njengoko zinemijikelo eyahlukeneyo yomsebenzi kunye neemfuno zokuqala.
2. Ubungakanani beMoto:
   • Iinjini ezinkulu zifuna ukusebenza ngoku ngakumbi xa kuqalwa kwaye kusenokufuneka isiqalisi esithambileyo esikhulu ukuhlangabezana nemfuno eyongeziweyo yangoku.
3. Umbane kunye neeMfuno zangoku:
   • Qinisekisa ukuba i-starter ethambileyo inokusingatha amandla ombane kunye neemfuno zangoku zemoto kunye nazo naziphi na iimfuno ezithile zesicelo.
4. Inani lokuQala ngeyure nganye:
   • Ukuba usetyenziso lufuna inani eliphezulu lokuqalisa ngeyure, qwalasela ukulinganisa iyunithi ye-ampacity ephezulu ukuvumela ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu ukusuka ekuqaleni rhoqo.
5. IiMfuno zesicelo:
   • Jonga iimfuno ezithile ezifana ne-over-current, under-voltage, okanye ukhuseleko lobushushu.
   • Qinisekisa ukuba isixhobo esilawulwa yi-3-phase okanye i-2-phase controlled soft starter iyadingeka, njengoko zinemisinga eyahlukeneyo yokungena.
   • Qwalasela iqondo lobushushu le-ambient kunye nesiqhelo esiqhelekileyo seendawo zobushushu obuphezulu be-ambient.

Ukuthelekisa kunye nezinye iindlela zokuqalisa iiMoto:
Iziqalisi ezithambileyo zibonelela ngeengenelo ezininzi ngaphezulu kwezinye iindlela zokuqalisa iimoto ezinje nge-ngqala-on-line (DOL) ukuqala, ukuqala kwe-delta yenkwenkwezi, kunye nedrive frequency drives (VFDs):

• Ukuqala okugudileyo kunye nokulawulwayo, ukunciphisa uxinzelelo kumacandelo omatshini kunye nombane.
• Ukukhuselwa komthwalo okulungiswayo ukunciphisa umonakalo wombane kunye nokuphucula ukuthembeka kwenkqubo.
• Amandla asebenza ngakumbi kunokuqala kwe-DOL.
• Ixabiso elisebenzayo kwiinjini ezincinci xa kuthelekiswa neeVFDs.

Abavelisi abaza kuqwalaselwa:
Xa uthengela oomatshini bokuqalisa izinto ezithambileyo, qwalasela abavelisi abafana no-Eaton, ABB, Toshiba:

• I-Eaton ibonelela nge-compact, imisebenzi emininzi, ukuyifaka lula, kunye neziqalisi ezilula ukuyilelwa ukulawulwa kwemoto yesigaba esithathu.
• I-ABB ibonelela ngezinto ezakhelwe ngaphakathi zokhuseleko lwemoto, ukuseta ngokulula, kunye neendlela zokonga umbane wokudlula, kunye neempawu eziphambili ezifana nolawulo lwetorque kunye nokucoca impompo.

Izixhobo ezongezelelweyo:
Ngolwazi oluthile lwemveliso, ukucaciswa kwemveliso, kunye neengcebiso zokusebenza, qhagamshelana neNkonzo kunye neqela leNkxaso lomthengisi othembekileyo othembekileyo oqalayo.