Izinto okufanele uziqaphele ngeziqalisi ezithambile

Iziqalisi ezithambile ziyingxenye ebalulekile ezinhlelweni zezimboni eziningi, zisebenza indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni isivinini kanye ne-torque yamamotho kagesi. Ngokukhuphula kahle amandla kagesi anikezwe injini, iziqalisi ezithambile zinciphisa ukucindezelwa komshini, zinciphise ubunzima bukagesi, futhi zehlise amathuba okulimala kukagesi. Lesi sihloko sijula ​​ngokuthi ziyini iziqalisi ezithambile zamamotho, ukuthi asebenza kanjani, izinzuzo zawo, futhi inikeza ukuqhathanisa okuphelele phakathi kweziqalisi ezithambile nezinye izindlela zokuqalisa izinjini.

I-Soft Starter Applications kanye nokusetshenziswa

Iziqalisi ezithambile zikagesi zenzelwe ukuphatha isivinini kanye ne-torque yamamotho kagesi e-AC ngesikhathi sokuqalisa nokuvala shaqa, okuthuthukisa ukuphila isikhathi eside kwemoto nokuthembeka kwesistimu. Lokhu bakufeza ngokukhuphula kancane kancane amandla kagesi enjini, bevumela ukuqalisa okungenamthungo futhi banciphise ukuguga nokudabuka ezintweni eziwumshini njengamagiya namabheringi. Lokhu kukhuphuka kagesi kancane kancane kuyaqhubeka kuze kube yilapho injini ifinyelela isivinini sayo esilinganiselwe, ngaleso sikhathi isiqalisi esithambile sishintshela ekunikezeni amandla kagesi aphelele. Ngokufanayo, ngesikhathi sokuvalwa, i-voltage yokuhlinzeka iyancipha kancane kancane ukuze ihlehlise kancane kuze kube yilapho injini ima ngokuphelele, lapho ukunikezwa kwamandla kagesi okufakwayo kuyanqanyulwa.

Ngokuphathelene nomgomo wokusebenza kwesiqalisi esithambile, i-thyristor iyisici esiyinhloko esilawula i-voltage. Lapho kusetshenziswa ukushaya kwesango, iqala ukugeleza kwamanje endaweni eyodwa, eyaziwa ngokuthi i- firing pulse. I-engeli yokudubula inquma ingxenye yomjikelezo we-voltage wokufaka evunyelwe ukuthi idlule, kusukela ku-zero kuya ku-180 degrees.

Uma ucubungula ukuthi zisetshenziswa nini iziqalisi ezithambile, ziyasebenza ezinhlobonhlobo zezimo, okuhlanganisa:

• Amasistimu wephampu
• Amabhande okuthutha
• Abalandeli kanye nezinhlelo ezifanayo eziqhutshwa ngamabhande
• Ama-crusher nama-mixers
• Amasistimu e-Bypass ngezinjongo zokuphinda angasebenzi

Isebenza Kanjani I-Soft Starter?

Iziqalisi ezithambile zisebenza ngokulawula i-voltage enikezwa injini, kancane kancane inyuse isuka ezingeni eliphansi iye kuvoltheji ogcwele wokusebenza. Njengoba igama layo libonisa, yenza injini ikwazi ukuqala kancane. Lawa madivaysi abalulekile ezinhlelweni ezishayelwa yimoto ukuvikela ukulimala komshini kanye nengcindezi. Ukwenyuka kwamandla kagesi kwenzeka ngezigaba ezihambisana nohlelo oluthile. Nakuba i-voltage ikhuphuka kancane kancane, injini isengathola isivinini esigcwele, ngezikhawu nje ezihlukene, ngenxa yama-thyristors noma amaphethini okushintsha kwesimo esiqinile.

Ingabe I-Soft Starter Ingalimaza Imoto?

Ngokuklama, isiqalisi esithambile sihlose ukuvikela injini, ukuze singadali umonakalo. Nokho, inokulinganiselwa okuthile. Ayinawo ukulawulwa kwesivinini, ilawula kuphela ukunikezwa kwamandla kagesi okokufaka. Ukwengeza, isiqalisi esithambile ngokuvamile sidinga usinki wokushisa ukuze sipholise ukushintsha kwamandla, njengoba sichitha amandla athile njengokushisa. I-torque yokuqala incishisiwe, kodwa lokhu ngokuvamile kuyamukeleka kuma-torque aphansi noma aphakathi nendawo.

Izinhlobo Zokuqala Ezithambile

Ngokuya ngezidingo zakho ezithile, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zeziqalisi ezithambile ziyatholakala:

1. I-Primary Resistor: Eyaziwa ngokuqala okushelelayo, izithasiselo eziyinhloko zihlinzeka ngokusheshisa ngamaphuzu amabili, ilungele amamotho adinga i-torque elinganiselwe ukugwema ukulimala kwemishini, njengama-motor cage squirrel.
2. I-Autotransformer: Lezi zisebenzisa ompompi kumawindi e-transformer ane-flexible eyakhelwe ngaphakathi ukulawula okokufaka kwamandla emoto, okuwenza afanelekele ukuqala kwenkanyezi noma okuxhumeke kwi-delta, ama-motor induction ezigaba ezi-3.
3. I-Part-Winding: Ilungele izinjini ezikhiqiza amandla amaphakathi, njengalawo akumaphampu, amafeni, nama-blower. Amandla asetshenziswa kusethi eyodwa yokusonta ukuze kukhiqizwe ukuqala kwamanje kanye netorque.
4. I-Wye-Delta: Itholakala kunguquko evulekile noma evaliwe, iziqalisi ze-Wye-Delta zingasetshenziswa kuphela kumamotho anezindawo zokuxhuma kukhoyili ngayinye. Zivame ukusetshenziswa kumandla amakhulu wehhashi kanye nezinjini zokungeniswa kwezigaba ezintathu.
5. Isimo Esiqinile: Ngokuvamile sisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zezimboni, izinhlelo ze-HVAC, izisetshenziswa zokucubungula, amakheshi, izimayini, nokunye, iziqalisi zesimo esiqinile zishintsha izingxenye zemishini ngezikagesi zisebenzisa iziphindisi ezilawulwa nge-silicon (SCRs).

Izinzuzo kanye Nobubi Beziqalisi Ezithambile ze-Electric Motors

Uma kukhulunywa ngezicelo zezimoto zikagesi, iziqalisi ezithambile zinikeza izinzuzo eziningi. Abagcini nje ngokunciphisa ingcindezi emotweni ngenkathi beqinisekisa ukuthi ifinyelela isivinini esigcwele kodwa futhi behlisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla futhi bathuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwesistimu. Ezimweni ezithile, iziqalo ezithambile cishe zibalulekile.

Izinzuzo Zokuqala Ezithambile

1. Ukwehliswa kweStress kumaMotor:
   Inzuzo eyinhloko yeziqalisi ezithambile amandla azo okunciphisa ukucindezeleka kumamotho. Ngokukhuphuka kwamandla kagesi, anciphisa kokubili ukucindezelwa komshini nokagesi, ngaleyo ndlela andise ubude bempilo yemoto kanye nokuncipha kwezidingo zokuyilungisa.

2. I-Lower Inrush Currents:
   Iziqalisi ezithambile ziphinde zehlise i-inrush current—ukukhuphuka kwamandla okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuqalisa—okungase kulimaze isistimu kagesi futhi kukhuphule ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Ngokunciphisa lokhu kuhlasela, iziqalisi ezithambile zinikeza ukuvikelwa okwengeziwe kwesistimu kagesi.

3. Isici Samandla Esithuthukisiwe:
   Ukusheshisa kancane kancane okwenziwa iziqalisi ezithambile kuthuthukisa isici samandla, okuyisilinganiso samandla asebenzayo namandla abonakalayo ohlelweni lukagesi. Isici samandla esithuthukisiwe siholela ekunciphiseni ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, izindleko eziphansi zamandla, nokusebenza kahle kwesistimu.

Ububi be-Soft Starters

Nakuba iziqalisi ezithambile ngokuvamile zinikeza ukungalungi okumbalwa, zinemikhawulo ethile uma ziqhathaniswa namadrayivu okuguquguqukayo (VFDs).

1. Ukushoda kokulawula isivinini:
   Iziqalisi ezithambile zihamba phambili ekukhawuleleni okwamanje okunikezwa injini kodwa zidela ikhono lokulawula isivinini. Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza lapho ukulawula isivinini kubalulekile, esikhundleni salokho kungasetshenziswa i-VFD.

2. Yehlisiwe Ukuqala Torque:
   Idizayinelwe ukuvikela ukucindezeleka komshini nokunciphisa isidingo sikagesi, iziqalisi ezithambile zingakhawulela i-torque ngesikhathi sokuqalisa. Lokhu kungaba ukuhlehla okubalulekile kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga i-torque ephezulu yokuqala, njengemithwalo esindayo noma imishini ene-inertia ephezulu. Ezimweni ezinjalo, i-starter ethambile ingase inganikezeli i-torque edingekayo ukuze isebenze kahle imoto.

3. Izinkinga zokukhipha ukushisa:
   Iziqalisi ezithambile, ikakhulukazi lezo ezisebenzisa amadivaysi e-semiconductor afana ne-thyristors, zikhiqiza ukushisa ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Ukukhipha ukushisa okusebenzayo kubalulekile ukuze kuvinjelwe ukushisa ngokweqile kanye nokulimala kwengxenye engaba khona. Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza lapho izinga lokushisa le-ambient noma idizayini yesivalo ingase ivimbe ukushiswa kokushisa, izinkinga zokwethenjelwa kanye nokuncipha kweminyaka yokuphila kungase kuphakame. Ukupholisa ngendlela efanele kanye nokuphatha okushisayo kubalulekile ukuze kuncishiswe lo mkhawulo.

Ukukhetha Isiqalisi Esithambile Esilungile: Izinto Okufanele Zicatshangwe

Lapho ukhetha isiqalisi esithambile senjini yakho, izici ezimbalwa okufanele zicatshangelwe ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ukhetha esilungele isicelo sakho. Nazi izinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele:

1. Isicelo kanye nohlobo lweMoto:
   • Izinhlobo ezihlukene zamamotho, njengamamotho angeniswayo noma amamotho kazibuthe unomphela, anezici zokuqalisa ezihlukile futhi zingadinga ukumiswa okuhlukile kweziqalisi ezithambile.
   • Cabangela ukusetshenziswa kwenjini, njengamaphampu, amafeni, noma ama-crusher, njengoba anemijikelezo yemisebenzi ehlukahlukene kanye nezidingo zokuqala.
2. Usayizi Wemoto:
   • Amamotho amakhudlwana adinga okwamanje kakhulu ekuqaleni futhi angase adinge isiqalisi esikhudlwana esithambile ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo esikhulayo samanje.
3. I-Voltage kanye Nezidingo Zamanje:
   • Qinisekisa ukuthi isiqalisi esithambile singakwazi ukuphatha amandla kagesi kanye nezidingo zamanje zenjini kanye nanoma yiziphi izidingo ezithile zohlelo lokusebenza.
4. Inombolo Yokuqala Ngehora:
   • Uma uhlelo lokusebenza ludinga inombolo ephezulu yokuqala ngehora, cabanga ukulinganisa iyunithi ukuze uthole i-ampacity ephezulu ukuze uvumele ukunqanyulwa kokushisa kusukela ekuqaleni njalo.
5. Izidingo Zohlelo:
   • Bheka izidingo ezithile ezifana ne-over-current, under-voltage, noma ukuvikelwa kwe-thermal.
   • Nquma ukuthi kuyadingeka yini idivayisi elawulwa yizigaba ezi-3 noma isiqalisi esithambile esilawulwa yisigaba esi-2, njengoba sinokushintshashintsha kwemisinga ehlukene.
   • Cabangela izinga lokushisa le-ambient kanye nesilinganiso esivamile sezindawo zokushisa eziphakeme ze-ambient.

Ukuqhathanisa nezinye Izindlela Zokuqala Izimoto:
Iziqalisi ezithambile zinikeza izinzuzo ezimbalwa kunezinye izindlela zokuqalisa izinjini ezifana nokuqala kwe-direct-on-line (DOL), ukuqala kwe-star-delta, namadrayivu efrikhwensi ahlukahlukene (VFDs):

• Ukuqala okubushelelezi nokulawulwayo, kunciphisa ingcindezi ezingxenyeni zemishini nezikagesi.
• Ukuvikelwa kokulayisha ngokweqile okulungisekayo ukuze kuncishiswe ukulimala kukagesi futhi kuthuthukiswe ukwethembeka kwesistimu.
• Amandla ayonga kakhulu kunokuqala kwe-DOL.
• Ibiza izindleko zamamotho amancane uma kuqhathaniswa nama-VFD.

Abakhiqizi okufanele bacatshangelwe:
Lapho uthenga iziqalisi ezithambile eziyimishini, cabangela abakhiqizi abafana no-Eaton, ABB, Toshiba:

• I-Eaton inikezela ngeziqalisi ezihlangene, ezisebenza ngezindlela eziningi, ezifakeka kalula, nezilula ukuzifaka izinhlelo ezidizayinelwe ukulawula izinjini ezizigaba ezintathu.
• I-ABB ihlinzeka ngezici ezakhelwe ngaphakathi zokuvikela imoto, ukusetha okulula, nezinketho zokudlula ezonga amandla, kanye nezici ezithuthukisiwe ezifana nokulawula itorque nokuhlanza iphampu.

Izinsiza Ezengeziwe:
Ukuze uthole ulwazi oluthile lomkhiqizo, ukucaciswa komkhiqizo, nezincomo zokusebenza, xhumana Nesevisi Nethimba Losekelo lomnikezeli wesiqalo esithambile ohlonishwayo.