Kusiyana ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ma Crcuit Breakers, Load Switches and Disconnectors
Zowononga ma circuit, switch switch, and disconnectors zonse ndizofunikira pamagetsi, ndipo ngakhale ambiri ogwira ntchito zamagetsi amawadziwa bwino mawuwa, pangakhale chisokonezo pa kusiyana kwawo ndi ntchito. Kwa oyambitsa magetsi, kusiyana pakati pa zipangizozi kungakhale kovuta kwambiri.
Wowononga dera adapangidwa kuti atseke, kunyamula, ndi kuswa mphamvu yapano pansi pazikhalidwe zanthawi zonse komanso zachilendo, kuphatikiza nthawi zazifupi, mkati mwa nthawi yodziwika. Ndichida chofunikira kwambiri chachitetezo chomwe chimateteza mabwalo amagetsi kuti asawonongeke chifukwa chodzaza kwambiri kapena mabwalo amfupi.
Kusinthana kwa katundu, kumbali ina, kumakhala pakati pa chowotcha dera ndi chosinthira chodzipatula. Imakhala ndi chida chozimitsa cha arc chosavuta chomwe chimalola kuti idutse mafunde olemetsa komanso mafunde ena ochulukira. Komabe, sichingasokoneze mafunde afupipafupi. Zosintha zonyamula katundu nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomwe kusinthana pafupipafupi kumafunika, monga pamakina ogawa kapena mabwalo owongolera magalimoto.
Chosinthira chodzipatula, chomwe chimatchedwanso cholumikizira, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza dera popanda zolemetsa. Cholinga chake chachikulu ndikupereka malo owonekera pakati pa zida zokonzera ndi magetsi, kuonetsetsa chitetezo chaumwini cha ogwira ntchito yokonza. Popeza ma switch odzipatula alibe zida zapadera zozimitsira arc, sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito kusokoneza katundu kapena mafunde afupiafupi. Choncho, ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha woyendetsa dera wadula kale dera.
Ndiye, pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa zida zitatuzi? Ma circuit breakers adapangidwa kuti ateteze mabwalo kuti asachulukidwe komanso mabwalo amfupi, zosinthira zonyamula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusinthana katundu pafupipafupi, ndipo ma switch odzipatula amapereka malo olumikizira otetezeka kuti akonze.
Ponena za ntchito zawo, zowononga ma circuit nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa mu gulu lalikulu logawa kapena ma sub-panels kuti ateteze mabwalo amodzi. Kusintha kwa katundu kutha kupezeka m'makina ogawa, mabwalo owongolera ma motor, kapena ntchito zina pomwe kusinthana pafupipafupi kumafunika. Masiwichi odzipatula nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo osinthira, ma substation, kapena malo ena omwe ogwira ntchito yokonza amafunika kugwirira ntchito pazida zamagetsi popanda kunyamula katundu.
Pomaliza, kumvetsetsa kusiyana pakati pa ophwanya ma circuit, ma switch switch, ndi ma switch odzipatula ndikofunikira kwa ogwira ntchito zamagetsi. Podzidziwitsa nokha ndi makhalidwe awo apadera ndi ntchito, mukhoza kuonetsetsa kuti magetsi anu akuyenda bwino komanso otetezeka.
▶ 01 Kufotokozera za mawu osinthira katundu, cholumikizira ndi chophwanya ma circuit
Kusintha kwa Katundu:
Ntchito: Imatha kutseka ndikudula mafunde osiyanasiyana pansi pamikhalidwe yabwinobwino yogwirira ntchito, monga katundu wapano, chisangalalo chapano, kuyitanitsa, ndi banki ya capacitor.
Ntchito: Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito yokha m'mabwalo omwe amafunikira malo olumikizirana chifukwa cha zofunikira.
Mkhalidwe Wogwirira Ntchito: Itha kuyendetsedwa pansi pa katundu, kutanthauza kuti imatha kuyatsidwa ndikuzimitsa mukapatsidwa mphamvu.
Isolate Switch (Cholumikizira):
Ntchito: Amapereka mtunda wotsekereza pakati pa olumikizana pomwe ali pagawo logawanika ndi chizindikiro chowonekera. Ikatsekeka, imatha kunyamula mayendedwe anthawi zonse ndi yachilendo (monga mabwalo aafupi), koma sinapangidwe kuti isokoneze mafunde amagetsi.
Kugwiritsa ntchito: Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi ophwanya madera kuti awonetsetse kuti pali malo olumikizirana pozungulira.
Mkhalidwe Wogwirira Ntchito: Sizingagwire ntchito pansi pa katundu; ikhoza kutsegulidwa ndi kutsekedwa pamene dera silinagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Circuit Breaker:
Ntchito: Imatha kutseka, kunyamula, ndi kuswa mphamvu yamagetsi munthawi yanthawi yake komanso yachilendo (kuphatikiza ndi nthawi yayitali) mkati mwa nthawi yodziwika. Zapangidwa kuti ziteteze mabwalo kuti asawonongeke chifukwa chodzaza kapena mabwalo amfupi.
Kugwiritsa ntchito: Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pagawo lalikulu logawa kapena mapanelo ang'onoang'ono kuteteza mabwalo amodzi. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi ma switch odzipatula.
Mkhalidwe Wogwirira Ntchito: Itha kugwira ntchito pansi pamikhalidwe yabwinobwino komanso yachilendo.
Mwachidule, chosinthira katundu, chosinthira chodzipatula, ndi chophwanyira dera chilichonse chimakhala ndi ntchito ndi ntchito zapadera. Kusinthana kwa katundu kumapangidwira kusinthana kwa katundu, chosinthira chodzipatula chimapereka malo otetezeka, ndipo woyendetsa dera amateteza mabwalo kuti asawonongeke. Kumvetsetsa kusiyana kumeneku ndikofunikira pakuwonetsetsa kuti njira zamagetsi zikuyenda bwino komanso moyenera.
▶ 02 Mtundu woyambira wa switch switch, cholumikizira ndi chophwanyira dera
Zosintha zonyamula katundu, zodzipatula zosinthira ndi zowononga madera zimagawidwa kukhala voteji yayikulu komanso yotsika;
1. Pakusintha kwa katundu:
Pali mitundu isanu ndi umodzi ikuluikulu yosinthira ma voltages apamwamba:
① Chosinthira cholimba chomwe chimatulutsa mpweya wambiri: gwiritsani ntchito mphamvu ya arc yokhayokha kuti zinthu zopangira gasi muchipinda cha arc zipangitse mpweya kuti utulutse arc. Kapangidwe kake ndi kosavuta, ndipo ndi koyenera pazinthu za 35 kV ndi pansi. ndi
②Pneumatic high-voltage load switch: gwiritsani ntchito mpweya woponderezedwa wa pisitoni kuwomba arc panthawi yosweka, ndipo mawonekedwe ake ndi osavuta, oyenera zinthu za 35 kV ndi pansi. ndi
③ Woponderezedwa wamtundu wamagetsi othamanga kwambiri: gwiritsani ntchito mpweya woponderezedwa kuti mutulutse arc, ndipo mutha kuswa mphamvu yayikulu. Mapangidwe ake ndi ovuta, ndipo ndi oyenera kuzinthu za 60 kV ndi pamwamba. ④SF6 high-voltage load switch: Gasi wa SF6 umagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzimitsa arc, ndipo kusweka kwake ndi kwakukulu, ndipo ntchito ya breaking capacitive current ndi yabwino, koma mapangidwe ake ndi ovuta, ndipo ndi oyenera kuzinthu za 35 kV ndi kupitirira. ndi
⑤ Chophimba champhamvu chamagetsi chomizidwa ndi mafuta: Gwiritsani ntchito mphamvu ya arc yokha kuti iwononge ndikupangitsa mafuta kuzungulira arc ndikuziziritsa kuti azimitsa arc. Mapangidwe ake ndi osavuta, koma ndi olemetsa, ndipo ndi oyenera pazinthu zakunja za 35 kV ndi pansi. ndi
⑥ Chosinthira cha vacuum-voltage high-voltage: gwiritsani ntchito vacuum sing'anga kuti muzimitse arc, mukhale ndi nthawi yayitali yamagetsi komanso yotsika mtengo, ndipo ndi yoyenera pazinthu za 220 kV kutsika.
Kusintha kwamagetsi otsika kumatchedwanso gulu la switch fuse. Ndikoyenera kuyatsa ndi kuzimitsa dera lonyamulidwa pamanja pafupipafupi pamagetsi amagetsi a AC; itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pakulemetsa komanso chitetezo chachifupi chamzere. Wosweka dera amamalizidwa ndi tsamba lolumikizana, ndipo kuchulukitsitsa ndi chitetezo chachifupi chafupika kumatsirizidwa ndi fusesi.
2. Podzipatula ma switch
Malinga ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zokhazikitsira, ma switch odzipatula amagetsi okwera amatha kugawidwa kukhala masiwichi odzipatula akunja okhala ndi mphamvu yamagetsi komanso ma switch amkati odzipatula amphamvu kwambiri. Panja high-voltage kudzipatula lophimba amatanthauza mkulu-voltage kudzipatula lophimba kuti angathe kupirira zotsatira za mphepo, mvula, matalala, kuipitsidwa, condensation, ayezi ndi wandiweyani chisanu, ndi oyenera unsembe pa bwalo. Malinga ndi kapangidwe ka mizati yake yotchinga, imatha kugawidwa kukhala zolumikizira zagawo limodzi, zolumikizira zamagulu awiri, ndi zolumikizira zamagulu atatu.
Pakati pawo, kusintha kwa mpeni wa mzere umodzi mwachindunji kumagwiritsa ntchito malo oima ngati kutsekemera kwamagetsi kwa fracture pansi pa busbar pamwamba. Choncho, ili ndi ubwino wodziwikiratu wopulumutsa malo okhalamo, kuchepetsa mawaya otsogolera, ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo kutsegulira ndi kutseka kumakhala bwino kwambiri. Pankhani ya ultra-high voltage transmission, zotsatira zopulumutsa pansi zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri pambuyo poti substation itenga chosinthira cha mpeni umodzi.
Pazida zocheperako, ndizoyenera kwambiri kugawa magetsi ocheperako monga nyumba zogona ndi nyumba. Ntchito zazikulu: kuswa ndi kulumikiza mizere ndi katundu
Tiyenera kuzindikira apa kuti pogawa magetsi otsika-voltage, chosinthira chodzipatula chimatha kugawidwa ndi katundu! Nthawi zina, komanso pansi pa kupanikizika kwakukulu, sikuloledwa!
3. Kwa owononga dera
Magetsi othamanga kwambiri ndiye zida zazikulu zowongolera magetsi m'mafakitale amagetsi, ma substations, ndi zipinda zogawa magetsi. ; Dongosololi likalephera, limagwirizana ndi chitetezo cha relay kuti lidule mwachangu cholakwika kuti chiteteze kukula kwa ngoziyo.
Choncho, khalidwe lapamwamba lamagetsi lamagetsi limakhudza mwachindunji ntchito yotetezeka yamagetsi; pali mitundu yambiri yamagetsi othamanga kwambiri, omwe amatha kugawidwa m'magawo oyendetsa mafuta (owonjezera mafuta ozungulira, ophwanya mafuta ochepa) malinga ndi kuzimitsa kwawo. , Sulfur hexafluoride circuit breaker (SF6 circuit breaker), vacuum circuit breaker, compressed air circuit breaker, etc.
Chowotcha chamagetsi chotsika kwambiri chimatchedwanso switch switch, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti "air switch", yomwe imatanthawuzanso chowotcha chochepa chamagetsi. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kugawira mphamvu yamagetsi, kuyambitsa ma asynchronous motors pafupipafupi, kuteteza zingwe zamagetsi ndi ma motors, ndi zina zambiri, ndipo imatha kudula gawolo likadzaza kwambiri kapena kufupikitsidwa kapena kutsika kwamagetsi. Ntchito yake ndi yofanana ndi yosinthira fusesi ndi Kuphatikizika kwa kutentha kwambiri ndi kutentha kwapansi, etc. Komanso, nthawi zambiri sikofunikira kusintha magawo mutatha kuswa cholakwika, ndipo wakhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
▶ 03 Kusiyana pakati pa switch switch, disconnector ndi circuit breaker
1. Kusinthana kwa katundu kumatha kusweka ndi katundu ndipo kumakhala ndi ntchito yozimitsa yokha arc, koma mphamvu yake yosweka ndi yaying'ono komanso yochepa. ndi
2. Nthawi zambiri, chosinthira chodzipatula sichingathe kusweka ndi katundu. Palibe chozimitsira arc mu kapangidwe kake, ndipo palinso masiwichi odzipatula omwe amatha kuthyola katunduyo, koma mawonekedwewo ndi osiyana ndi kusinthana kwa katundu, komwe kumakhala kosavuta. ndi
3. Zonse zosinthira katundu ndi chosinthira chodzipatula chikhoza kupanga chodziwikiratu cholumikizira. Ophwanya madera ambiri alibe ntchito yodzipatula, ndipo ophwanya madera ochepa amakhala ndi ntchito yodzipatula. ndi
4. Kusintha kodzipatula kulibe ntchito yoteteza. Kutetezedwa kwa switch switch nthawi zambiri kumatetezedwa ndi fuse, kungopuma mwachangu komanso mopitilira muyeso.
5. Kutha kuthyola kwa woyendetsa dera kungapangidwe kwambiri pakupanga. Zimadalira kwambiri kuwonjezera ma transformer omwe alipo kuti agwirizane ndi zida zachiwiri zotetezera. Itha kukhala ndi chitetezo chozungulira chachifupi, chitetezo chochulukirachulukira, kuteteza kutayikira ndi ntchito zina.
