Itandukaniro na Porogaramu Zimena Inzira, Guhindura imizigo no guhagarika

Kumena imizunguruko, guhinduranya imizigo, no guhagarika ibintu byose nibyingenzi muri sisitemu yamashanyarazi, kandi mugihe abakozi benshi b amashanyarazi bamenyereye aya magambo, hashobora kubaho urujijo kubijyanye nibitandukaniro byabo nibisabwa. Kubatangiye amashanyarazi, itandukaniro riri hagati yibi bikoresho rirashobora kuba ingorabahizi.
Umuyoboro wumuzunguruko wagenewe gufunga, gutwara, no kumena umuyaga mubihe bisanzwe kandi bidasanzwe byumuzunguruko, harimo nigihe gito cyumuzunguruko, mugihe cyagenwe. Nibikoresho byingenzi byumutekano birinda imiyoboro yamashanyarazi kwangirika bitewe nuburemere burenze cyangwa imiyoboro migufi.
Ku rundi ruhande, umutwaro uremereye, wicaye hagati yumuzunguruko n’umuzunguruko. Igaragaza igikoresho cyoroshye cyo kuzimya arc cyemerera guca imizigo yagabanijwe hamwe ningendo zirenze urugero. Ariko, ntishobora guhagarika imiyoboro migufi. Guhindura imizigo akenshi bikoreshwa mubihe bisabwa guhinduranya kenshi imizigo, nko muri sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza cyangwa imiyoboro ya moteri.
Guhindura akato, bizwi kandi ko bitandukanya, bikoreshwa muguhagarika uruziga mugihe nta mutwaro urimo. Intego nyamukuru yaryo ni ugutanga aho bigaragara kugaragara hagati yibikoresho byo kubungabunga no gutanga amashanyarazi, kurinda umutekano bwite w'abakozi bashinzwe kubungabunga. Kubera ko gutandukanya ibintu byabuze ibikoresho byihariye byo kuzimya arc, ntibishobora gukoreshwa muguhagarika imitwaro cyangwa imiyoboro ngufi. Kubwibyo, bigomba gukoreshwa gusa mugihe icyuma cyumuzunguruko kimaze guhagarika uruziga.
None, ni irihe tandukaniro ryingenzi riri hagati yibi bikoresho bitatu? Inzitizi zumuzingi zashizweho kugirango zirinde imizigo kurenza urugero n’umuzunguruko mugufi, guhinduranya imitwaro bikoreshwa muguhinduranya imizigo kenshi, kandi guhinduranya ibintu bitanga aho bihurira neza kugirango bibungabunge.
Kubireba ibyo basabye, ibice byumuzunguruko bishyirwa mubisanzwe bikwirakwizwa cyangwa ibice byo kurinda imirongo yihariye. Guhindura imizigo birashobora kuboneka muri sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza, imiyoboro igenzura ibinyabiziga, cyangwa izindi porogaramu aho bisabwa guhinduranya kenshi. Guhindura akato akenshi bikoreshwa muguhindura, guhinduranya, cyangwa ahandi hantu abakozi bashinzwe kubungabunga ibikoresho bakeneye gukora kubikoresho byamashanyarazi mugihe nta mutwaro uremereye.
Mu gusoza, gusobanukirwa itandukaniro riri hagati yimena yumuzunguruko, guhinduranya imizigo, no gutandukanya ibintu ni ngombwa kubakozi b'amashanyarazi. Kumenyera ibiranga byihariye nibisabwa, urashobora kwemeza imikorere yumutekano kandi ikora neza ya sisitemu y'amashanyarazi.

▶ 01 Ibisobanuro byamagambo yo guhinduranya imitwaro, guhagarika no kumena imirongo

Guhindura imizigo:
Imikorere: Irashobora gufunga no guca imigezi itandukanye mugihe gisanzwe cyakazi, nkumuzigo uremereye, umuyaga ushimishije, kwishyuza amashanyarazi, hamwe na banki ya capacitor.
Gusaba: Irashobora gukoreshwa wenyine mumuzunguruko isaba ingingo zigaragara zo gutandukana bitewe nibisabwa byihariye.
Imiterere yimikorere: Irashobora gukoreshwa munsi yumutwaro, bivuze ko ishobora gufungura no kuzimya mugihe ufite ingufu.
Guhindura akato (Guhagarika):
Imikorere: Itanga intera yimikorere hagati yabahuza mugihe mumwanya ugabanijwe hamwe nikimenyetso kigaragara. Iyo ifunze, irashobora gutwara amashanyarazi mubihe bisanzwe kandi bidasanzwe byumuzunguruko (nkumuzunguruko mugufi), ariko ntabwo byashizweho kugirango uhagarike amakosa.
Gushyira mu bikorwa: Akenshi bikoreshwa bifatanije nu mashanyarazi kugirango barebe ko hari aho bigaragara gutandukana.
Imiterere yimikorere: Ntishobora gukoreshwa munsi yumutwaro; irashobora gukingurwa no gufungwa mugihe umuzunguruko udakoreshejwe.
Kumena Inzira:
Imikorere: Irashobora gufunga, gutwara, no kumena umuyaga mubihe bisanzwe kandi bidasanzwe byumuzunguruko (harimo nigihe gito cyumuzunguruko) mugihe cyagenwe. Yashizweho kugirango irinde imirongo kwangirika bitewe nuburemere burenze cyangwa imiyoboro migufi.
Porogaramu: Mubisanzwe bikoreshwa muburyo bukwirakwiza cyangwa ibice byo kurinda imirongo yihariye. Akenshi ikoreshwa ifatanije no gutandukanya ibintu.
Imiterere yimikorere: Irashobora gukora mubihe bisanzwe kandi bidasanzwe byumuzunguruko.
Muncamake, umutwaro uhinduranya, utandukanya ibintu, hamwe na break break yamashanyarazi buriwese afite ibikorwa byihariye nibisabwa. Guhindura imizigo byashizweho kugirango uhindure imizigo, icyuma gitandukanya gitanga ahantu hizewe, kandi icyuma kizunguruka kirinda imirongo kwangirika. Gusobanukirwa itandukaniro ni ngombwa kugirango habeho umutekano kandi neza wa sisitemu y'amashanyarazi.

▶ 02 Andika uburyo bwo kumenyekanisha ibintu, guhagarika no kumena imirongo

Guhindura imizigo, gutandukanya ibintu hamwe no kumena ibice bigabanijwemo ingufu nyinshi kandi nto;

1. Kuburyo bwo guhindura imitwaro:

Hariho ubwoko butandatu bwingenzi bwa voltage yumutwaro mwinshi:

Gas Gazi itanga ingufu zikomeye zitanga amashanyarazi menshi: koresha ingufu zacitse arc ubwayo kugirango ibikoresho bibyara gaze mucyumba cya arc bibyara gaze yo guturika arc. Imiterere yacyo iroroshye, kandi irakwiriye kubicuruzwa bya kV 35 na munsi. i

②Pneumatic high-voltage load switch switch: koresha gaze isunitswe na piston kugirango utere arc mugihe cyo kumeneka, kandi imiterere yayo iroroshye, ikwiranye nibicuruzwa bya kV 35 na munsi. i

Ubwoko bwimyuka ihumeka ubwoko bwumubyigano mwinshi: koresha umwuka ucogora kugirango utere arc, kandi urashobora kumena umuyaga munini. Imiterere yacyo iragoye, kandi irakwiriye kubicuruzwa bya 60 kV no hejuru. ④SF6 ihinduranya imizigo myinshi: gaze ya SF6 ikoreshwa mukuzimya arc, kandi kumeneka kwayo ni nini, kandi imikorere yo kumena imiyoboro ya capacitif nibyiza, ariko imiterere iragoye, kandi irakwiriye kubicuruzwa bya kV 35 no hejuru. i

⑤ Amavuta-yashizwemo na voltage yumuriro mwinshi: Koresha imbaraga za arc ubwayo kugirango ubore kandi uhindure amavuta hafi ya arc hanyuma ukonje kugirango uzimye arc. Imiterere yacyo iroroshye, ariko iraremereye, kandi irakwiriye kubicuruzwa byo hanze ya kV 35 na munsi. i

Switch Ubwoko bwa Vacuum bwumuvuduko mwinshi wamashanyarazi: koresha icyuma cya vacuum kugirango uzimye arc, ufite ubuzima burebure bwamashanyarazi nigiciro cyinshi ugereranije, kandi birakwiriye kubicuruzwa bya kV 220 na munsi.

Umuvuduko muke wamashanyarazi witwa nanone guhinduranya fuse itsinda. Birakwiye ko uzimya no kuzimya imizigo yapakishijwe intoki gake cyane mumashanyarazi ya AC; irashobora kandi gukoreshwa murwego rwo hejuru no kurinda umurongo mugufi kurinda umurongo. Inzitizi zumuzunguruko zuzuzwa nicyuma cyo guhuza, kandi kurenza urugero no kurinda imiyoboro ngufi byuzuzwa na fuse.

2. Kubitandukanya

Ukurikije uburyo butandukanye bwo kwishyiriraho, amashanyarazi menshi yo gutandukanya ibintu ashobora kugabanywa hanze yo hejuru y’umuvuduko ukabije w’imyanya ndangagitsina hamwe n’imbere yo mu nzu yo hejuru. Hanze ya voltage nini yo kwiherera yerekana icyerekezo kinini gishobora kwihanganira ingaruka zumuyaga, imvura, shelegi, umwanda, ubukonje, urubura nubukonje bwinshi, kandi bikwiriye gushyirwaho kumaterasi. Ukurikije imiterere yinkingi zayo zikingira, irashobora kugabanywamo ibice bimwe, guhuza inkingi ebyiri, hamwe ninkingi eshatu.

Muri byo, icyuma kimwe cyinkingi ihindura ikoresha umwanya uhagaze nkumuriro wamashanyarazi wavunitse munsi ya bisi yo hejuru. Kubwibyo, ifite ibyiza bigaragara byo kuzigama agace karigaruriwe, kugabanya insinga ziyobora, kandi icyarimwe gufungura no gufunga birasobanutse neza. Kubijyanye na ultra-high voltage yoherejwe, ingaruka zo kuzigama igorofa zirahambaye cyane nyuma yo gusimbuza imashini imwe ikoresheje icyuma.

Mubikoresho bidafite ingufu nkeya, birakwiriye cyane cyane sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi make nkamazu yo guturamo ninyubako. Ibikorwa by'ingenzi: kumena no guhuza imirongo n'umutwaro

Twabibutsa ko mumashanyarazi make ya voltage yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi, guhinduranya kwigunga bishobora kugabanywa numutwaro! Mu bindi bihe, kandi munsi yumuvuduko mwinshi, ntabwo byemewe!

3. Kubamena inzitizi

Imashanyarazi yumuriro mwinshi ni ibikoresho nyamukuru bigenzura amashanyarazi mumashanyarazi, insimburangingo, hamwe nibyumba byo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi. ; Iyo sisitemu yananiwe, ikorana nuburinzi bwa relay kugirango igabanye vuba ikosa ryamakosa kugirango ikumire kwaguka kwimpanuka.

Kubwibyo, ubwiza bwumubyigano mwinshi wamashanyarazi bigira ingaruka kumikorere ya sisitemu yingufu; hari ubwoko bwinshi bwamashanyarazi yumuriro mwinshi, ushobora kugabanwa kumashanyarazi yamashanyarazi (kumena amavuta menshi, kumena amavuta make) ukurikije kuzimya arc. , Amazi ya sufuru hexafluoride yameneka (SF6 yamashanyarazi), icyuma cyumuzunguruko, icyuma gikonjesha ikirere, nibindi.

Umuvuduko ukabije w'amashanyarazi yamenetse nanone witwa icyuma cyikora, gikunze kwitwa "guhinduranya ikirere", nacyo kivuga kumashanyarazi aciriritse. Irashobora gukoreshwa mugukwirakwiza ingufu z'amashanyarazi, gutangira moteri idahwitse, kurinda imirongo y'amashanyarazi na moteri, nibindi, kandi irashobora guhita ihagarika umuzenguruko mugihe iremerewe cyane cyangwa izenguruka cyane cyangwa idafite ingufu. Imikorere yacyo ihwanye niy'imikorere ya fuse hamwe nuruvange rwubushyuhe bukabije nubushyuhe buke, nibindi. Byongeye kandi, mubisanzwe ntabwo ari ngombwa guhindura ibice nyuma yo kumena amakosa, kandi byarakoreshejwe henshi.

▶ 03 Itandukaniro riri hagati yimitwaro, guhagarika no kumena inzitizi

1. Guhindura imitwaro birashobora gucika hamwe numutwaro kandi bifite imikorere yo kuzimya arc, ariko ubushobozi bwayo bwo kumena ni buto cyane kandi bugarukira. i

2. Mubisanzwe, sisitemu yo kwigunga ntishobora gucika numutwaro. Nta kuzimya arc mu miterere, kandi hariho no guhinduranya ibintu bishobora kugabanya umutwaro, ariko imiterere iratandukanye nu mutwaro uremereye, bikaba byoroshye. i

3. Byombi imitwaro ihinduranya hamwe na sisitemu yo kwigunga irashobora gukora ingingo igaragara. Ibyuma byinshi byumuzunguruko ntabwo bifite ibikorwa byo kwigunga, kandi ibice bimwe byumuzunguruko bifite imikorere yo kwigunga. i

4. Guhindura akato ntabwo bifite umurimo wo kurinda. Kurinda ibintu byimitwaro birinzwe muri rusange na fuse, gusa kumeneka byihuse kandi birenze.

5. Ubushobozi bwo kumena imiyoboro yamashanyarazi irashobora gukorwa cyane mubikorwa byo gukora. Byibanze cyane cyane kongeramo impinduka zubu kugirango zifatanye nibikoresho bya kabiri byo kurinda. Irashobora kugira imiyoboro ngufi irinda, kurinda imitwaro irenze, kurinda imyanda nibindi bikorwa.