Iiyantlukwano kunye nezicelo zeeSekethe zokuqhawula, uTshintsho lokuLawulwa kunye neziQhagamshelwano

Izaphuli zesekethe, ukutshintshwa komthwalo, kunye neziqhawuli ziqhagamshelo zonke ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo kwiinkqubo zombane, kwaye ngelixa uninzi lwabasebenzi bombane beqhelene nale migaqo, kusenokubakho ukubhideka malunga nokungafani kwabo kunye nezicelo. Kubaqalayo bombane, umahluko phakathi kwezi zixhobo unokuba nzima ngakumbi.
I-circuit breaker yenzelwe ukuvala, ukuthwala, kunye nokuphula umsinga phantsi kweemeko zombini eziqhelekileyo kunye nezingaqhelekanga zesekethe, kubandakanywa neemeko zesiphaluka ezimfutshane, ngaphakathi kwexesha elichaziweyo. Sisixhobo sokhuseleko esibalulekileyo esikhusela iisekethe zombane emonakalweni ngenxa yokugcwala okanye iisekethe ezimfutshane.
Ukutshintsha komthwalo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, uhlala phakathi kwe-breaker circuit kunye ne-switching switch. Ibonisa isixhobo esilula sokucima i-arc esivumela ukuba sinqumle imisinga yomthwalo olinganisiweyo kunye nemisinga ethile yokulayisha ngaphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, ayikwazi ukuphazamisa imisinga ye-short-circuit currents. Ukutshintsha komthwalo kudla ngokusetyenziswa kwiimeko apho kufuneka ukutshintshwa rhoqo kwemithwalo, njengeenkqubo zokusasaza okanye iisekethe zokulawula iimoto.
Umtshini wokuzihlukanisa, owaziwa ngokuba yi-disconnector, usetyenziselwa ukukhupha isiphaluka phantsi kweemeko zokungabikho komthwalo. Injongo yayo ephambili kukubonelela ngenqaku lokuqhawula elibonakalayo phakathi kwezixhobo zokugcina kunye nokunikezelwa kwamandla, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lomntu lwabasebenzi bokulondoloza. Ekubeni iiswitshi zokwahlula zingenazo izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zokucima i-arc, azinakusetyenziselwa ukuphazamisa umthwalo okanye imisinga emfutshane. Ngoko ke, kufuneka ziqhutywe kuphela xa i-breaker circuit sele ikhuphe isiphaluka.
Ke, yintoni umahluko ophambili phakathi kwezi zixhobo zithathu? Ii-Circuit breakers zenzelwe ukukhusela iisekethe kwi-overload kunye neesekethe ezimfutshane, ukutshintshwa komthwalo kusetyenziselwa ukutshintshwa rhoqo kwemithwalo, kunye nokutshintsha okukodwa kunika indawo ekhuselekileyo yokuqhawula ngenjongo yokugcina.
Ngokuphathelele kwizicelo zabo, ii-circuit breakers zivame ukufakwa kwipaneli yokusabalalisa ephambili okanye iipaneli ezincinci ukukhusela iisekethe zomntu ngamnye. Ukutshintsha komthwalo kunokufumaneka kwiinkqubo zokusasaza, iisekethe zokulawula iimoto, okanye ezinye iinkqubo apho kufuneka ukutshintshwa komthwalo rhoqo. Ukutshintsha okukodwa kudla ngokusetyenziswa kwisixhobo sokutshintsha, izitishi, okanye kwezinye iindawo apho abasebenzi bolondolozo kufuneka basebenze kwizixhobo zombane phantsi kweemeko zokungathwali mthwalo.
Ukuqukumbela, ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwezaphuli zesekethe, ukutshintshwa komthwalo, kunye nokutshintsha okukodwa kubalulekile kubasebenzi bombane. Ngokuziqhelanisa neempawu zabo ezizodwa kunye nezicelo, unokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo nokusebenzayo kweenkqubo zakho zombane.

▶ 01 Ingcaciso yemigaqo yokutshintsha komthwalo, isixhumi kunye nesaphuli sesekethe

Ukutshintsha Ukulayisha:
Umsebenzi: Unokuvala kwaye unqumle imisinga eyahlukeneyo phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zokusebenza, ezifana nomthwalo wangoku, i-excitation current, i-charge current, kunye ne-capacitor bank current.
Isicelo: Inokusetyenziswa yodwa kwiisekethe ezifuna iindawo ezicacileyo zokuqhawula ngenxa yeemfuno zokuchazwa.
Imeko yokuSebenza: Inokusebenza phantsi komthwalo, oku kuthetha ukuba inokuvulwa kwaye icinywe ngelixa inikwe amandla.
Ukwahlula Ukutshintsha (Isiqhawuli):
Umsebenzi: Ibonelela ngomgama wokugquma phakathi kwabafowunelwa xa bekwindawo eyahluliweyo kunye nophawu olucacileyo lokuqhawula. Xa ivaliwe, inokuthwala okwangoku phantsi kweemeko zesekethe eziqhelekileyo nezingaqhelekanga (ezifana neesekethe ezimfutshane), kodwa ayenzelwanga ukuphazamisa imisinga yempazamo.
Isicelo: Idla ngokusetyenziswa ngokubambisana nabaphuli beesekethe ukuqinisekisa ukuba kukho indawo ecacileyo yokuqhawula kwisekethe.
Imeko yokuSebenza: Ayinakuqhutywa phantsi komthwalo; inokuvulwa kwaye ivalwe kuphela xa isekethe ingasetyenziswanga.
Umephuli wojikelezo:
Umsebenzi: Unokuvala, ukuthwala, kunye nokuqhawula umsinga phantsi kweemeko zesekethe eziqhelekileyo nezingaqhelekanga (kubandakanywa neemeko zesekethe emfutshane) ngexesha elithile. Yenzelwe ukukhusela iisekethe emonakalweni ngenxa yokugcwala okanye iisekethe ezimfutshane.
Isicelo: Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziswa kwiphaneli yokusabalalisa engundoqo okanye iipaneli ezincinci ukukhusela iisekethe zomntu ngamnye. Idla ngokusetyenziswa kunye nokwahlula iiswitshi.
Imeko yokusebenza: Inokusebenza phantsi kweemeko zesekethe eziqhelekileyo nezingaqhelekanga.
Isishwankathelo, ukutshintshwa komthwalo, ukutshintshwa kwe-isolation, kunye ne-circuit breaker nganye inemisebenzi ekhethekileyo kunye nezicelo. Ukutshintshwa komthwalo wenzelwe ukutshintshwa komthwalo, ukutshintshwa kwe-isolation kunika indawo ekhuselekileyo yokuqhawula, kwaye i-breaker circuit ikhusela iisekethe kumonakalo. Ukuqonda lo mahluko kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo nangokufanelekileyo kweenkqubo zombane.

▶ 02 Uhlobo lwentshayelelo yokutshintsha komthwalo, isiqhagamshelo kunye nesaphuli sesekethe

Ukutshintsha komthwalo, ukutshintshela ukwahlula kunye nabaphuli beesekethe bahlulwe kumbane ophezulu kunye nophantsi;

1. Ukutshintsha umthwalo:

Kukho iintlobo ezintandathu eziphambili zokutshintsha komthamo wombane ophezulu:

① Ukutshintsha kwegesi eqinile evelisa i-voltage ephezulu: sebenzisa amandla e-arc eqhekezayo ngokwayo ukwenza izinto ezivelisa igesi kwigumbi le-arc zenza igesi yokuvuthela i-arc. Isakhiwo sayo silula, kwaye sifanelekile kwiimveliso ze-35 kV nangaphantsi. i

②Ukutshintsha komthwalo we-pneumatic high-voltage: sebenzisa igesi ecinezelweyo yepiston ukuvuthela i-arc ngexesha lokuphuka, kwaye isakhiwo sayo silula, sifanelekile kwiimveliso ze-35 kV nangaphantsi. i

③ Uhlobo lomoya ocinezelekileyo lokutshintsha komthwalo we-voltage ephezulu: sebenzisa umoya ocinezelekileyo ukuvuthela i-arc, kwaye unokwaphula umsinga omkhulu. Isakhiwo sayo sinzima kakhulu, kwaye sifanelekile kwiimveliso ze-60 kV nangaphezulu. I-④SF6 i-high-voltage load switch: igesi ye-SF6 isetyenziselwa ukucima i-arc, kwaye i-breaking current inkulu, kwaye ukusebenza kwe-capacitive current kukuhle, kodwa isakhiwo sinzima, kwaye sifanelekile kwiimveliso ze-35 kV nangaphezulu. i

⑤ I-oil-immersed high-voltage load switch: Sebenzisa amandla e-arc ngokwayo ukubola kunye ne-gasify ioli ejikeleze i-arc kwaye uyipholise ukucima i-arc. Isakhiwo sayo silula, kodwa sinzima, kwaye sifanelekile kwimveliso yangaphandle ye-35 kV nangaphantsi. i

⑥ Isitshixo somthwalo we-vacuum ephezulu: sebenzisa i-vacuum medium ukucima i-arc, ube nobomi obude bombane kunye nexabiso eliphezulu, kwaye zilungele imveliso ye-220 kV nangaphantsi.

Ukutshintsha komthwalo ophantsi we-voltage ukwabizwa ngokuba liqela lokutshintsha i-fuse. Ifanelekile ukuguqula kunye nokucima isekethe elayishiweyo ngesandla ngokungaqhelekanga kwisekethe yombane we-AC; ingasetyenziselwa ukugqithiswa kunye nokukhusela isiphaluka esifutshane somgca. I-breaker circuit igqitywe yi-blade yoqhagamshelwano, kwaye ukugqithiswa kunye nokukhuselwa kwesiphaluka esifutshane kugqitywe ngefuse.

2. Ukwahlula iiswitshi

Ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokufakela, iiswitshi zokwahlula zombane eziphezulu zinokwahlulwa zibe zizitshixo zokwahlula zangaphandle ezinevoltage ephezulu kunye nezitshixo zokwahlula zangaphakathi zombane ophezulu. Umtshini wokwahlula wombane wangaphandle ubhekiselele kwiswitshi yokwahlula yombane ephezulu enokumelana nefuthe lomoya, imvula, ikhephu, ungcoliseko, ukujiya, umkhenkce kunye neqabaka eshinyeneyo, kwaye ilungele ukufakwa kwi-terrace. Ngokwesakhiwo seentsika zayo ezikhuselayo, inokwahlulwa ibe yi-disconnectors eyodwa-column, i-disconnectors-column-disconnectors, kunye ne-disconnectors ezintathu zekholomu.

Phakathi kwabo, umtshini wekholomu enye usebenzisa ngokuthe ngqo indawo ethe nkqo njenge-insulation yombane ye-fracture phantsi kwe-busbar ephezulu. Ngoko ke, ineenzuzo ezicacileyo zokulondoloza indawo ehlala kuyo, ukunciphisa iingcingo ezihamba phambili, kwaye ngexesha elifanayo ukuvulwa nokuvala isimo sicacile. Kwimeko yokuhanjiswa kwe-voltage ye-ultra-high, umphumo wokulondoloza indawo yomgangatho ubaluleke kakhulu emva kokuba i-substation ithathe ukutshintshwa kwekholomu enye.

Kwizixhobo ze-low-voltage, ifaneleka kakhulu kwiinkqubo zokuhambisa amandla e-terminal terminal ezifana nezindlu zokuhlala kunye nezakhiwo. Imisebenzi ephambili: ukuphula kunye nokudibanisa imigca kunye nomthwalo

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe apha ukuba kwi-terminal ye-voltage ephantsi yokusabalalisa amandla, ukutshintshwa kwe-isolation kungahlulwa kunye nomthwalo! Kwezinye iimeko, kwaye phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu, akuvumelekanga!

3. Kubaphuli beesekethe

I-high-voltage circuit breakers zezona zixhobo zokulawula amandla kwizityalo zamandla, izitishi, kunye namagumbi okuhambisa amandla. ; Xa inkqubo ingaphumeleli, isebenzisana nokukhusela i-relay ngokukhawuleza ukunqumla i-fault current ukukhusela ukwandiswa kobubanzi bengozi.

Ngoko ke, umgangatho we-high-voltage circuit breaker uchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo kwenkqubo yamandla; kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-high-voltage circuit breakers, ezinokuthi zohlulwe zibe zi-oil circuit breakers (i-oil circuit breakers ngaphezulu, i-oil circuit breakers encinci) ngokwe-arc yokucima. , Sulfur hexafluoride circuit breaker (SF6 circuit breaker), i-vacuum circuit breaker, i-compressed air circuit breaker, njl.

I-low-voltage circuit breaker ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-automatic switch, eyaziwa ngokuba yi "air switch", ekwabhekisela kwi-low-voltage circuit breaker. Ingasetyenziselwa ukuhambisa amandla ombane, ukuqala ii-asynchronous motors ngokungaqhelekanga, ukukhusela iintambo zamandla kunye neemotor, njl. Umsebenzi wayo ulingana nowokutshintsha kwe-fuse kunye neNdibanisela yokushisa kunye nokushisa okuphantsi kweelayidi, njl. Ngaphezu koko, ngokuqhelekileyo akukho mfuneko yokutshintsha iinxalenye emva kokuphula i-fault current, kwaye isetyenziswe ngokubanzi.

▶ 03 Umahluko phakathi kokutshintsha komthwalo, isixhumi kunye nesaphuli sesekethe

1. Umtshini womthwalo unokuphulwa ngomthwalo kwaye unomsebenzi we-arc yokucima ukucima, kodwa ukuphulwa kwayo kuncinci kwaye kuncinci. i

2. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukutshintshwa kwe-isolation ayikwazi ukuphulwa ngomthwalo. Akukho sicimi-mlilo se-arc kwisakhiwo, kwaye kukho kwakhona izitshixo ezizimeleyo ezinokuthi ziphule umthwalo, kodwa isakhiwo sihluke kwisitshixo somthwalo, esilula. i

3. Bobabini ukutshintshwa komthwalo kunye nokutshintsha okukodwa kunokwenza indawo ecacileyo yokuqhawula. Uninzi lwabaphuli beesekethe abanalo umsebenzi wokuzihlukanisa, kwaye abaphuli beesekethe abambalwa banomsebenzi wokuzihlukanisa. i

4. Umtshini wokuzihlukanisa awunawo umsebenzi wokukhusela. Ukukhuselwa kokutshintshwa komthwalo ngokuqhelekileyo kukhuselwe ngefuse, kuphela ikhefu elikhawulezayo kunye ne-overcurrent.

5. Umthamo wokuqhawula we-circuit breaker unokwenziwa phezulu kakhulu kwinkqubo yokuvelisa. Ikakhulu ixhomekeke ekongezeni i-transformers yangoku ukusebenzisana nezixhobo zesibini zokukhusela. Inokuba nokukhuselwa kwesiphaluka esifutshane, ukukhuselwa kokugqithiswa, ukukhuselwa kokuvuza kunye neminye imisebenzi.