Umehluko kanye Nezinhlelo Zokusebenza Zezinqamuli Zesekethe, Ukushintsha Komthwalo kanye Nezinqamuli

Izinqamuli zesekethe, amaswishi okulayisha, nezinqamuli zonke ziyizingxenye ezibalulekile ezinhlelweni zikagesi, kanti nakuba iningi lezisebenzi zikagesi liyazi le migomo, kungase kube nokudideka okuthile mayelana nokwehluka kwazo kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza. Kwabaqalayo bakagesi, umehluko phakathi kwalawa madivayisi ungaba nzima kakhulu.
I-circuit breaker idizayinelwe ukuvala, ukuthwala, nokuphula amandla amanje ngaphansi kokubili kwezimo zesekhethi ezivamile nezingavamile, okuhlanganisa nezimo zesekethe emfishane, phakathi nesikhathi esinqunyiwe. Kuyidivayisi yokuphepha ebalulekile evikela amasekhethi kagesi ekulimaleni ngenxa yokugcwala kakhulu noma amasekhethi amafushane.
I-switch switch, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ihlala phakathi kwe-breaker circuit kanye neswitch ehlukanisayo. Ifaka idivayisi yokucisha i-arc elula eyivumela ukuthi inqamule amaza omthwalo olinganiselwe kanye namaza okulayisha ngokweqile athile. Nokho, ayikwazi ukuphazamisa imisinga yesiyingi esifushane. Ukushintsha imithwalo kuvame ukusetshenziswa ezimeni lapho kudingeka ukushintsha njalo kwemithwalo, njengamasistimu okusabalalisa noma amasekhethi okulawula izimoto.
Iswishi ehlukanisayo, eyaziwa nangokuthi isinqamuleli, isetshenziselwa ukunqamula isekethe ngaphansi kwezimo zokungalayishi. Inhloso yayo eyinhloko ukuhlinzeka ngendawo yokunqamula ebonakalayo phakathi kwezinto zokunakekela kanye nokuphakelwa kukagesi, ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha komuntu siqu kwabasebenzi bokunakekela. Njengoba amaswishi ahlukanisayo engenazo izinto ezikhethekile zokucisha i-arc, azikwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukuphazamisa ukulayisha noma imisinga yesekethe emfishane. Ngakho-ke, kufanele zisetshenziswe kuphela lapho i-circuit breaker isivele inqamule isifunda.
Ngakho-ke, yimuphi umehluko oyinhloko phakathi kwalezi zisetshenziswa ezintathu? Ama-circuit breaker aklanyelwe ukuvikela ama-circuits ekulayishweni ngokweqile kanye namasekethe amafushane, amaswishi okulayisha asetshenziselwa ukushintshaniswa njalo kwemithwalo, futhi amaswishi ahlukanisayo ahlinzeka indawo ephephile yokunqamula izinjongo zokunakekela.
Ngokuphathelene nezinhlelo zabo zokusebenza, ama-circuit breaker ngokuvamile afakwa kuphaneli yokusabalalisa enkulu noma amaphaneli amancane ukuze kuvikelwe amasekhethi ngamanye. Ukushintsha imithwalo kungase kutholakale ezinhlelweni zokusabalalisa, amasekhethi okulawula izinjini, noma kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho kudingeka ukushintsha ukulayisha njalo. Amaswishi ahlukanisayo avame ukusetshenziswa kuma-switchgear, eziteshini ezincane, noma kwezinye izindawo lapho izisebenzi ezilungisayo kudingeka zisebenze ezintweni zikagesi ngaphansi kwezimo zokungalayishi.
Sengiphetha, ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwama-circuit breaker, ama-switch switch, kanye namaswishi okuhlukanisa kubalulekile kubasebenzi bakagesi. Ngokuzijwayeza ngezici zabo eziyingqayizivele kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza, ungaqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile nokusebenza kahle kwezinhlelo zakho zikagesi.

▶ 01 Incazelo yemibandela yokushintshwa komthwalo, isinqamuli nesinqamuli sesekethe

Ukushintsha kokulayisha:
Umsebenzi: Ingakwazi ukuvala futhi inqamule imisinga ehlukahlukene ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokusebenza, njengamanje okulayishayo, i-excitation current, i-charging current, kanye ne-capacitor bank current.
Isicelo: Ingasetshenziswa yodwa kumasekhethi adinga amaphuzu asobala okunqanyulwa ngenxa yezidingo zokucaciswa.
Isimo sokuSebenza: Ingasetshenziswa ngaphansi komthwalo, okusho ukuthi ingavulwa futhi ivaliwe ngenkathi inikwe amandla.
I-Isolating Switch (Isixhumi):
Umsebenzi: Ihlinzeka ngebanga le-insulation phakathi koxhumana nabo lapho besendaweni ehlukanisiwe kanye nophawu olusobala lokunqamula. Uma ivaliwe, ingathwala amandla amanje ngaphansi kwezimo zesekhethi ezivamile nezingavamile (njengamasekhethi amafushane), kodwa ayiklanyelwe ukuphazamisa imisinga yamaphutha.
Isicelo: Ivamise ukusetshenziswa ngokubambisana nama-circuit breaker ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi kunephuzu elisobala lokunqamula kusekethe.
Isimo sokuSebenza: Awukwazi ukusebenza ngaphansi komthwalo; ingavulwa futhi ivalwe kuphela lapho isekethe ingavuliwe.
I-circuit breaker:
Umsebenzi: Ingavala, iphathe, futhi inqamule ugesi ngaphansi kwezimo zesekhethi ezivamile nezingavamile (okuhlanganisa nezimo zesekethe emfishane) phakathi nesikhathi esishiwo. Yenzelwe ukuvikela ama-circuits emonakalweni ngenxa yokugcwala ngokweqile noma izifunda ezimfushane.
Isicelo: Ivamise ukusetshenziswa kuphaneli yokusabalalisa enkulu noma amaphaneli amancane ukuvikela amasekhethi angawodwana. Isetshenziswa kaningi ngokuhambisana namaswishi ahlukanisayo.
Isimo sokusebenza: Ingasebenza ngaphansi kwezimo zombili ezijwayelekile nezingavamile.
Kafushane, isishintshi somthwalo, iswishi ehlukanisayo, kanye ne-circuit breaker ngayinye inemisebenzi nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukile. I-switch switch yenzelwe ukushintshwa komthwalo, isishintshi sokuhlukanisa sinikeza indawo ephephile yokunqamula, futhi i-breaker circuit ivikela ama-circuits emonakalweni. Ukuqonda lo mehluko kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza ngokuphephile nangempumelelo kwezinhlelo zikagesi.

▶ 02 Thayipha isingeniso seswishi yokulayisha, isixhumi nesinqamuli sesekethe

Ukushintsha komthwalo, ukushintshwa okuhlukanisayo kanye nama-circuit breakers ahlukaniswe abe yi-voltage ephezulu nephansi;

1. Okweswishi yokulayisha:

Kunezinhlobo eziyisithupha eziyinhloko zokushintshwa komthwalo kagesi ophezulu:

① Iswishi eqinile ekhiqiza igesi enamandla amakhulu: sebenzisa amandla e-arc ephukayo ngokwayo ukuze wenze into ekhiqiza igesi egumbini le-arc ikhiqize igesi ukuze ikhiphe i-arc. Isakhiwo sayo silula, futhi ifanele imikhiqizo engu-35 kV nangaphansi. i

②Iswishi ye-pneumatic high-voltage load: sebenzisa igesi ecindezelwe yepiston ukuze ukhiphe i-arc phakathi nenqubo yokuphuka, futhi ukwakheka kwayo kulula, ifanele imikhiqizo engu-35 kV nangaphansi. i

③ Iswishi yomthwalo womoya ocindezelwe ophezulu: sebenzisa umoya ocindezelwe ukuze ukhiphe i-arc, futhi unganqamula umsinga omkhulu. Isakhiwo sayo siyinkimbinkimbi, futhi ifanele imikhiqizo engu-60 kV nangaphezulu. ④SF6 high-voltage load switch: Igesi ye-SF6 isetshenziselwa ukucisha i-arc, futhi i-breaking current inkulu, nokusebenza kwe-capacitive current kuhle, kodwa isakhiwo siyinkimbinkimbi uma kuqhathaniswa, futhi ifanele imikhiqizo engu-35 kV nangaphezulu. i

⑤ Iswishi yomthwalo we-voltage ephezulu egxiliswe uwoyela: Sebenzisa amandla e-arc ngokwayo ukubola nokufaka umoya uwoyela azungeze i-arc futhi uyipholise ukuze ucime i-arc. Isakhiwo sawo silula, kodwa siyasinda, futhi sifanele imikhiqizo yangaphandle ye-35 kV nangaphansi. i

⑥ Iswishi yomthwalo we-vacuum ephezulu: sebenzisa i-vacuum medium ukuze ucime i-arc, ube nempilo ende kagesi kanye nenani eliphakeme uma kuqhathaniswa, futhi ifanele imikhiqizo engu-220 kV nangaphansi.

I-low-voltage load switch ibizwa nangokuthi i-switch fuse group. Ilungele ukuvula nokuvala isekethe elayishiwe ngesandla ngokungajwayelekile kumjikelezo wamandla we-AC; ingabuye isetshenziselwe ukulayisha ngokweqile kanye nokuvikelwa kwesifunda esifushane somugqa. I-breaker circuit igcwaliswa yi-blade yokuxhumana, futhi ukulayishwa okungaphezulu nokuvikelwa kwesifunda esifushane kuqedwa nge-fuse.

2. Okokuhlukanisa amaswishi

Ngokwezindlela ezihlukene zokufaka, amaswishi ahlukanisayo anamandla kagesi aphezulu angahlukaniswa abe amaswishi angaphandle anevoltage ephezulu ahlukanisayo kanye namaswishi ahlukanisayo anamandla amakhulu asendlini. Iswishi yokuhlukanisa yangaphandle ene-voltage ephezulu ibhekisa kuswishi ehlukanisayo ene-voltage ephezulu engamelana nemiphumela yomoya, imvula, iqhwa, ukungcola, ukufingqa, iqhwa nesithwathwa esishubile, futhi ifanele ukufakwa kuthala. Ngokwesakhiwo sezinsika zayo ezivikelayo, ingahlukaniswa ibe izixhumi zekholomu eyodwa, izinqamuli zekholomu ekabili, nezinqamuli zamakholomu amathathu.

Phakathi kwazo, ukushintshwa kommese wekholomu eyodwa kusebenzisa ngokuqondile isikhala esime mpo njengendawo yokushisa kagesi yokuphuka ngaphansi kwebha yebhasi engaphezulu. Ngakho-ke, inezinzuzo ezicacile zokulondoloza indawo ehlala kuyo, ukunciphisa izintambo ezihamba phambili, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo isimo sokuvula nokuvala sicacile ngokukhethekile. Esimeni sokudluliswa kwamandla kagesi we-ultra-high, umthelela wokulondoloza indawo yaphansi ubaluleke kakhulu ngemva kokuba isiteshi sithatha ukushintsha kommese wekholomu eyodwa.

Emishinini ene-voltage ephansi, ilungele ikakhulukazi amasistimu okusabalalisa amandla esitheminali samandla aphansi njengezindlu zokuhlala nezakhiwo. Imisebenzi esemqoka: ukuphula nokuxhuma imigqa enomthwalo

Kumele kuqashelwe lapha ukuthi ekusakazweni kwamandla we-voltage ephansi, inkinobho yokuhlukanisa ingahlukaniswa ngomthwalo! Kwezinye izimo, futhi ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu, akuvunyelwe!

3. Ngama-circuit breakers

Ama-circuit breaker ane-voltage ephezulu ayizisetshenziswa eziyinhloko zokulawula amandla ezimbonini zikagesi, iziteshi ezingaphansi, kanye namagumbi okusabalalisa amandla. ; Uma isistimu ihluleka, isebenzisana nokuvikelwa kwe-relay ukunqamula ngokushesha iphutha lamanje ukuvimbela ukunwetshwa kobubanzi bengozi.

Ngakho-ke, ikhwalithi ye-high-voltage circuit breaker ithinta ngokuqondile ukusebenza okuphephile kwesistimu yamandla; kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-high-voltage circuit breaker, ezingahlukaniswa zibe ama-circuit breaker kawoyela (ama-breaker circuit kawoyela amaningi, ama-circuit breaker amancane kawoyela) ngokusho kokucisha i-arc. , i-Sulfur hexafluoride circuit breaker (i-SF6 circuit breaker), i-vacuum circuit breaker, i-compressed air circuit breaker, njll.

I-low-voltage circuit breaker ibizwa nangokuthi i-automatic switch, eyaziwa ngokuthi "i-air switch", ephinde ibhekisele ku-low-voltage circuit breaker. Ingase isetshenziselwe ukusabalalisa amandla kagesi, ukuqala ama-asynchronous motors njalo, ukuvikela izintambo zikagesi namamothoni, njll., futhi inganqamula isekethe ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho igcwele kakhulu noma i-short-circuited noma ingaphansi kwe-voltage. Umsebenzi wayo ulingana nowokushintsha kwe-fuse kanye nenhlanganisela yokudlulisa ukushisa nokushisa ngaphansi, njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuvamile akudingekile ukushintsha izingxenye ngemva kokuphula i-fault current, futhi sekusetshenziswe kabanzi.

▶ 03 Umehluko phakathi kweswishi yokulayisha, isinqamuli nesinqamuli sesekethe

1. Ukushintsha komthwalo kungaphulwa ngomthwalo futhi kunomsebenzi we-arc yokuzicisha, kodwa amandla ayo okuphuka mancane kakhulu futhi anomkhawulo. i

2. Ngokuvamile, inkinobho yokuhlukanisa ayikwazi ukuphulwa ngomthwalo. Asikho isicishamlilo se-arc esakhiweni, futhi kukhona nokushintshashintsha okuhlukanisayo okungahle kuphule umthwalo, kodwa isakhiwo sihluke ekushintsheni komthwalo, okulula kakhulu. i

3. Kokubili ukushintshwa komthwalo kanye neswishi yokuhlukanisa kungakha iphuzu elisobala lokunqamula. Ama-breaker circuit amaningi awanawo umsebenzi wokuzihlukanisa, futhi ama-circuit breaker ambalwa anomsebenzi wokuzihlukanisa. i

4. Iswishi yokuhlukanisa ayinawo umsebenzi wokuvikela. Ukuvikelwa kokushintshwa komthwalo ngokuvamile kuvikelwa nge-fuse, ikhefu elisheshayo kuphela kanye ne-overcurrent.

5. Umthamo wokuphuka we-circuit breaker ungenziwa phezulu kakhulu kwinqubo yokukhiqiza. Incike kakhulu ekungezeni ama-transformer amanje ukuze asebenzisane nemishini yesibili ukuze avikeleke. Kungaba nokuvikelwa kwesifunda esifushane, ukuvikela ukugcwala ngokweqile, ukuvikela ukuvuza neminye imisebenzi.