Misiyano uye Mashandisirwo eCircuit Breakers, Road Switch uye Disconnectors

Circuit breaker, load switch, and disconnectors zvese zvakakosha mumagetsi masisitimu, uye nepo vashandi vemagetsi vazhinji vachiziva nezvemazwi aya, panogona kunge paine kuvhiringika maererano nekusiyana kwavo nemashandisirwo. Kune vanotanga magetsi, mutsauko pakati pezvishandiso izvi unogona kunyanya kutyisa.
A circuit breaker yakagadzirirwa kuvhara, kutakura, uye kuputsa ikozvino pasi pezvose zvakajairwa uye zvisina kujairika mamiriro edunhu, kusanganisira mapfupi-edunhu mamiriro, mukati menguva yakatarwa. Chinhu chakakosha chekuchengetedza chinochengetedza maseketi emagetsi kubva mukukuvadzwa nekuda kwekuremerwa kana mapfupi maseketi.
Shanduko yekuremedza, kune rumwe rutivi, inogara pakati pedunhu rinotyora uye yekuparadzanisa switch. Iyo inoratidzira yakapusa arc yekudzima mudziyo unoibvumira kugura yakayerwa mitoro mafungu uye mamwe akawandisa mafungu. Zvisinei, haigoni kuvhiringidza mapfupi-circuit currents. Kuchinja kwemutoro kunowanzo shandiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu apo nguva nenguva kuchinja kwemitoro kunodiwa, senge mumasisitimu ekugovera kana maseketi ekudzora mota.
Shanduko yekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe, inozivikanwawo sedimburu, inoshandiswa kubvisa dunhu pasi pemamiriro asina mutoro. Chinangwa chayo chikuru ndechokupa nzvimbo inooneka yekubatanidza pakati pezvigadzirwa zvekugadzirisa uye magetsi, kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwega kwevashandi vekugadzirisa. Sezvo machinjiro ekuzviparadzanisa asina hunyanzvi hwekudzimisa arc, haagone kushandiswa kukanganisa kurodha kana mapfupi-edunhu mafungu. Naizvozvo, dzinofanirwa kungoshandiswa chete kana muparadzi wedunhu atobvisa dunhu.
Saka, ndeupi musiyano mukuru pakati pezvishandiso zvitatu izvi? Circuit breaker akagadzirirwa kuchengetedza maseketi kubva pakuremerwa uye mapfupi maseketi, mitoro inochinjika inoshandiswa kunogara ichichinja mitoro, uye yekuparadzanisa switch inopa yakachengeteka yekudimbura poindi yezvinangwa zvekugadzirisa.
Nezve mashandisirwo avo, mabreaker edunhu anowanzo kuisirwa muhombe yekugovera mapaneru kana ma sub-panel kuchengetedza masekete ega. Kuchinja kwemutoro kunogona kuwanikwa mumasevhisi ekugovera, maseketi ekudzora mota, kana mamwe maapplication uko kunowanzo kudiwa kuchinjika mutoro. Isolate switching inowanzo shandiswa mu switchgear, substations, kana dzimwe nzvimbo uko vashandi vekugadzirisa vanoda kushanda pamidziyo yemagetsi pasi pemamiriro ekusatakura zvinhu.
Mukupedzisa, kunzwisisa mutsauko uripo pakati pemabreaker breakers, load switch, uye kupatsanura switch kwakakosha kune vashandi vemagetsi. Nekuzviziva iwe neavo akasiyana maitiro uye mashandisirwo, unogona kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedza uye kushanda kwakanaka kwemasisitimu ako emagetsi.

▶ 01 Tsananguro yematemu ekurodha switch, disconnector uye circuit breaker

Load Switch:
Basa: Inogona kuvhara nekucheka mafungu akasiyana-siyana pasi pemamiriro ekushanda akajairwa, akadai semutoro wazvino, kuwedzeredza ikozvino, kuchaja ikozvino, uye capacitor bank ikozvino.
Chishandiso: Inogona kushandiswa yega mumaseketi anoda pachena mapoinzi ekudimburira nekuda kwezvinodikanwa.
Operating Condition: Inogona kushandiswa pasi pemutoro, zvichireva kuti inogona kubatidzwa nekudzimwa ichisimbiswa.
Isolating Switch (Disconnector):
Basa: Inopa chinhambwe chekudzivirira pakati pevanobatika kana vari munzvimbo yakakamurwa uye chiratidzo chiri pachena chekubvisa. Kana yakavharwa, inogona kutakura ikozvino pasi peyakajairika uye isina kujairika mamiriro edunhu (senge mapfupi maseketi), asi haina kugadzirwa kukanganisa kukanganisa mafambiro.
Chishandiso: Inowanzo shandiswa pamwe chete nevanopaza matunhu kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti pane iri pachena yekudimbura poindi mudunhu.
Operating Condition: Haikwanise kushandiswa pasi pemutoro; inogona chete kuvhurwa uye kuvharwa kana dunhu risina simba.
Circuit Breaker:
Basa: Inogona kuvhara, kutakura, uye kuputsa ikozvino pasi pezvakajairwa uye zvisina kujairika mamiriro edunhu (kusanganisira mapfupi-edunhu mamiriro) mukati menguva yakatarwa. Yakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza maseketi kubva mukukuvadzwa nekuda kwekuremerwa kana mapfupi maseketi.
Chishandiso: Inowanzo shandiswa mune hombe yekugovera mapaneru kana madiki-paneru kuchengetedza masekete ega. Kazhinji inoshandiswa pamwe chete nekuzvitsaura switch.
Operating Condition: Inogona kushanda pasi pezvakajairwa uye zvisina kujairika mamiriro edunhu.
Muchidimbu, switch switch, yekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe, uye wedunhu breaker imwe neimwe ine yakasarudzika mabasa uye mashandisiro. Iyo yekuremedza switch yakagadzirirwa kuchinjisa mutoro, switch yekuzviparadzanisa inopa yakachengeteka yekubvisa poindi, uye wedunhu breaker inodzivirira masekete kubva mukukuvadzwa. Kunzwisisa misiyano iyi kwakakosha pakuita shuwa uye kushanda kwakachengeteka kwemagetsi masisitimu.

▶ 02 Type sumo yekuremedza switch, disconnector uye circuit breaker

Kuchinja kwemutoro, kutsaura kushanduka uye mavhiriki ematunhu akakamurwa kuva yakakwirira uye yakaderera voltage;

1. Yekuchinja kwekutakura:

Kune marudzi matanhatu makuru emhando yepamusoro-voltage load switch:

① Solid gasi-inogadzira yakakwira-voltage load switch: shandisa simba rekutyora arc pacharo kuita kuti zvinhu zvinogadzira gasi mukamuri yearc ibudise gasi kuburitsa arc. Chimiro chayo chiri nyore, uye chakakodzera kune zvigadzirwa zve 35 kV uye pasi. the

②Pneumatic high-voltage load switch: shandisa gasi rakatsikirirwa repiston kufuridzira arc panguva yekupwanya, uye chimiro chayo chiri nyore, chakakodzera zvigadzirwa zve35 kV uye pazasi. the

③ Yakadzvanywa mhepo yemhando yepamusoro-voltage load switch: shandisa mweya wakadzvanywa kuburitsa arc, uye unogona kutyora hombe iripo. Chimiro chayo chakaoma, uye chakakodzera kune zvigadzirwa zve60 kV uye pamusoro. ④SF6 high-voltage load switch: SF6 gasi rinoshandiswa kudzima arc, uye kutyora kwayo ikozvino kwakakura, uye kushanda kwekupwanya capacitive current kwakanaka, asi chimiro chacho chakaoma, uye chinokodzera zvigadzirwa zve 35 kV uye pamusoro. the

⑤ Oiri-yakanyudzwa yakakwira-voltage load switch: Shandisa simba reiyo arc pachayo kuti iparadze uye ive gasify mafuta akatenderedza arc uye inotonhorera kudzima arc. Chimiro chayo chiri nyore, asi chinorema, uye chakakodzera kune zvigadzirwa zvekunze zve 35 kV uye pasi. the

⑥ Vacuum-mhando yepamusoro-voltage load switch: shandisa vacuum medium kudzima arc, kuve nehupenyu hwemagetsi hurefu uye mutengo wakakwira, uye inokodzera zvigadzirwa zve220 kV zvichidzika.

Iyo yakaderera-voltage load switch inonziwo switch fuse boka. Inokodzera kushandura nekudzima dunhu rakaremerwa nemaoko zvisingaite mu AC simba frequency circuit; inogonawo kushandiswa pakuremedza uye kupfupika kwedunhu kudzivirira kwemutsara. Iyo yedunhu inopwanya inopedzwa neiyo yekusangana blade, uye iyo yakawandisa uye pfupi yekudzivirira yedunhu inopedzwa nefuse.

2. Zvekuparadzanisa switch

Zvinoenderana neakasiyana nzira dzekuisa, yakakwira-voltage yekuparadzanisa switch inogona kukamurwa kuita ekunze yakakwira-voltage yekuparadzanisa switch uye yemukati yakakwira-voltage yekuparadzanisa switch. Outdoor high-voltage isolating switch inoreva high-voltage isolate switch iyo inogona kumira nemhepo, mvura, chando, kusvibiswa, condensation, ice uye gobvu chando, uye inokodzera kuisirwa pane terrace. Zvinoenderana nechimiro chembiru dzayo dzinodzivirira, inogona kukamurwa kuita imwe-column disconnectors, kaviri-column disconnectors, uye matatu-column disconnectors.

Pakati pavo, imwe-column knife switch yakananga inoshandisa nzvimbo yakamira semagetsi ekudzivirira kwekuputsika pasi pebharu repamusoro. Nokudaro, ine zvikomborero zvakajeka zvekuchengetedza nzvimbo yakagarwa, kuderedza waya dzinotungamirira, uye panguva imwechete kuzarura nekuvhara mamiriro anonyanya kujeka. Panyaya ye-ultra-high voltage transmission, mhedzisiro yekuchengetedza nzvimbo yepasi inonyanya kukosha mushure mekunge substation yatora imwe-column knife switch.

Mumidziyo yakaderera-voltage, inonyanya kukodzera kune yakaderera-voltage terminal magetsi ekugovera masisitimu akadai sedzimba dzekugara uye zvivakwa. Mabasa makuru: kutyora uye kubatanidza mitsara nemutoro

Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa pano kuti mune yakaderera-voltage terminal magetsi kugovera, yekuzviparadzanisa switch inogona kupatsanurwa nemutoro! Mune zvimwe zviitiko, uye pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya, hazvibvumirwi!

3. Zvemadunhurirwa

High-voltage circuit breaker ndiyo hombe yekudzora magetsi mumidziyo yemagetsi, zviteshi, uye makamuri ekugovera magetsi. ; Kana iyo system ikatadza, inobatirana pamwe nekudzivirira relay kukurumidza kugura chikanganiso chazvino kudzivirira kuwedzera kwechikamu chetsaona.

Nokudaro, hutano hwepamusoro-voltage circuit breaker inobata zvakananga kushanda kwakachengeteka kwesimba remagetsi; kune akawanda marudzi e-high-voltage circuit breakers, ayo anogona kukamurwa kuita oiri circuit breaker (mamwe mafuta edunhu mabhatani, mashoma emafuta edunhu anopwanya) zvinoenderana nekudzima kwavo arc. , Sulfur hexafluoride circuit breaker (SF6 circuit breaker), vacuum circuit breaker, compressed air circuit breaker, nezvimwewo.

Iyo low-voltage circuit breaker inonziwo automatic switch, inowanzozivikanwa se "air switch", iyo inorevawo kune yakaderera-voltage circuit breaker. Inogona kushandiswa kugovera simba remagetsi, kutanga asynchronous motors zvisingaite, kuchengetedza tambo dzemagetsi nemamotor, nezvimwewo, uye inogona kucheka otomatiki dunhu kana yaremerwa zvakanyanya kana kupfupika-kutenderera kana pasi-voltage. Basa rayo rakaenzana neiyo fuse switch uye A kusanganiswa kwekupisa uye underheating relays, etc. Uyezve, kazhinji hazvidikanwi kushandura zvikamu mushure mekuputsa kukanganisa ikozvino, uye yakashandiswa zvakanyanya.

▶ 03 Musiyano uripo pakati pemutoro switch, disconnector uye circuit breaker

1. Shanduko yemutoro inogona kuputswa nemutoro uye ine basa rekudzima-kudzimisa arc, asi simba rayo rekutyora idiki uye rishoma. the

2. Kazhinji, shanduko yekuzviparadzanisa haigone kuputswa nemutoro. Iko hakuna arc yekudzimisa muchimiro, uye kune zvakare yekuzviparadzanisa switch iyo inogona kutyora mutoro, asi chimiro chakasiyana kubva kune chinotakura chinja, icho chiri nyore. the

3. Zvese zviri zviviri switch yekuremedza uye yekuzvitsaura switch inogona kuumba iri pachena yekubvisa poindi. Mazhinji anopwanya edunhu haana basa rekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe, uye mashoma edunhu anotyora ane basa rekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe. the

4. Iyo yekuparadzanisa switch haina basa rekudzivirira. Kudzivirirwa kwekuchinja kwemutoro kunowanzo kuchengetedzwa nefuse, chete kukurumidza kuzorora uye overcurrent.

5. Kuputsika kwechigadziro chedunhu kunogona kuitwa zvakanyanya mukugadzirwa kwekugadzira. Iyo inonyanya kuvimba nekuwedzera ma transformer aripo kuti ashande pamwe neyechipiri michina yekudzivirira. Inogona kuva nedziviriro yedunhu pfupi, kuchengetedzwa kwekuremerwa, kuchengetedzwa kwekudonha uye mamwe mabasa.