Tsari da Ƙa'idar ABB VD4 Mai Kashe Wuta Mai Sauƙi

The VD4, Shahararriyar na'urar lantarki ta ABB, ta sayar da kusan raka'a miliyan daya a duk duniya. Duk da amincinsa, kurakurai suna faruwa, musamman a tsarin aiki. Ma'aikatan kulawa sun dogara da littafin ABB, amma cikakkun jagororin ba su da yawa. Ta hanyar rarraba VD4 da aka goge, marubucin yana ba da haske don taimakawa a cikin aiki mai amfani.

Tsarin VD4 yana da fasalin bazara na gungurawa na tsari da babban shaft, tare da raguwa da yawa don kiyaye matsayi da jujjuyawa, fitarwa ta hanyar lever cam.

1.Ajiye Makamashi:

VD4 yana amfani da tsayayyen maɓuɓɓugan gungurawa na tsari, yana haɓaka ingantaccen injin idan aka kwatanta da maɓuɓɓugan gargajiya.

Rubutun da aka gyara:

Hoto 1: Gungurawar Jirgin Sama

Kamar yadda aka kwatanta a cikin hoto na 1, ƙarshen ƙarshen jirgin saman gungurawa yana kiyaye shi zuwa babban mashigin, yayin da ɗayan ƙarshen yana manne da rumbun bazara. A lokacin ajiyar makamashi, babban ƙarshen ƙarshen bazara mai ƙarfi ya kasance a tsaye, kuma injin ajiyar makamashi ko na'urar ajiyar makamashi yana jujjuya casing na bazara a agogon hannu (kamar yadda ake kallo daga gefen hagu na injin; daidaitaccen yanayin ya shafi ko'ina) ta hanyar ratchet pawl, sarkar, da manyan kayan aiki, don haka yana tayar da bazarar gungurawa.

Lokacin da ake batun buɗewa da rufewa, ƙarshen harsashi na bazara yana daidaitawa, kuma da sakin hanyar da za a bi, babban mashigin yana jujjuya agogon hannun agogo baya ƙarƙashin tuƙin bazara, yana fitar da kuzarinsa da aka adana.

Ganin cewa VD4 yana amfani da bazarar gungurawa na tsari, sauyawa tsakanin jahohin "marasa caji" da "ajiya" na bazara ya bambanta da yawancin hanyoyin da ake sarrafa bazara. Ya ƙunshi tsarin daidaitacce akan gunguwar bazara, wanda aka sauƙaƙe ta hanyar daidaitawar faifai, cam ɗin taimako wanda aka liƙa a babban shaft, da abin nadi da aka ɗora akan sandar haɗin makamashi. A cikin mafi sauƙi, da zarar an gama ajiyar makamashi, abin nadi, wanda sandar haɗin makamashi ke motsa shi, yana shiga cikin ƙima akan faifai. Sakamakon haka, sandar haɗin wutar lantarki tana jujjuya zuwa takamaiman kusurwa, yana haifar da haɗin haɗin gwiwar ajiyar makamashi mai alaƙa da alamar injin ajiyar makamashi don canzawa zuwa yanayin "Ajiye Makamashi". Sabanin haka, yayin aikin rufewar na'urar da'ira, matsakaicin radius na cam na taimakawa ya ratsa tazarar diski, yana tura abin nadi zuwa gefen diski na waje. Wannan aikin yana korar sandar haɗin makamashin da ke haɗa wutar lantarki zuwa kusurwar ta ta asali, yana haifar da haɗin gwiwar mataimakan ma'ajiyar makamashi da ma'aunin injina na ajiyar makamashi don komawa zuwa yanayin "Ba a Ajiye Makamashi".

Hoto 2: Jadawalin Ma'auni na Tsarin Ajiye Makamashi Canjin Jiha

Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa, a cikin yanayin sauyawa na VD4 na al'ada wanda ke cikin buɗaɗɗen wuri ba tare da ajiyar makamashi ba, yawan adadin kuzari ya ragu a cikin bazarar gungura na planar. Don haka, dole ne a ɗauki matakan tsaro har yanzu.

2. Tafiya Module

Tsarin tafiye-tafiye na na'ura mai aiki da sauyawa na VD4 yana fahariya da sumul da ƙira. Duk da rikitar da ya bayyana, bayan tarwatsawa da kuma nazarinsa, ana iya rarrabuwar gabaɗayan tsarin ɓarna zuwa sassa uku na asali:

Tsarin tarwatsewar matakin farko ya ƙunshi nadi na gaba da faifan birki na babban farantin mai siffa mai fan, wanda ke aiki azaman ƙwararriyar tsarin “haɓaka + abin nadi” na tsinkewa. Mataki na biyu ya ƙunshi babban farantin mai siffa mai fan da babban rabin shaft, yana samar da tsarin “rabin shaft + fan mai siffar fan” tsari mai faɗuwa. Mataki na uku ya haɗa da buɗaɗɗen rabin-shaft, farantin mai siffar fan buɗewa, rabin-shaft ɗin rufewa, da farantin mai kama da fan, waɗanda tare suka haɗa nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan "rabin shaft + faranti mai siffar fan" masu tsinke haɗuwa.

Hoto 3: Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tafiya

Tsarin tafiye-tafiye na na'ura mai aiki da sauyawa na VD4 yana aiki duka biyun aiki mai riko da tsinkewa. Bari mu zurfafa cikin waɗannan ayyuka daki-daki.

Rike Aiki:

Ɗaukar wurin rufewa a matsayin misali, da zarar an gama aikin rufewa, abin nadi na gaba na babban farantin mai siffar fan ya faɗi cikin ramin da ya dace akan faifan birki. A wannan lokacin, babban ɓangaren rabin-shaft ɗin yana riƙe amintacce ta wurin tsarin pincer wanda aka kafa ta faranti na buɗewa da rufewa. Wannan yana hana manyan rollers na gaba daga manyan faranti daga ɗagawa, yadda ya kamata su kulle faifan birki tare da kiyaye babban shaft a wurin rufewa.

Aikin Tatsi:

Yanzu, bari mu yi la'akari da aikin ɓarna ta amfani da aikin buɗewa a matsayin misali. Lokacin da na'urar ta sami umarnin buɗewa, buɗe rabin-axis yana juya agogon hannu ta takamaiman kusurwa. Wannan motsi yana haifar da farantin buɗaɗɗen fan don rasa cikar ɗan lokaci kuma yana jujjuya agogon agogo, yana tarwatsa tsarin tallafi mai siffar pincer wanda aka kafa ta faranti mai siffar fanka da rufewa. A sakamakon haka, babban rabin axis yana jujjuya agogon agogo baya a ƙarƙashin aikin bazara na dawowa, yana sakin babban farantin mai siffar fan. Babban farantin mai siffar fan sannan ya ɗaga abin nadi na gaba a ƙarƙashin aikin dawo da bazara, yana sakin diskin birki. Fayil ɗin birki yana jujjuya agogo baya ƙarƙashin aikin bazara, yana fara aikin buɗewa.

A lokacin aikin buɗewa, sandar haɗawa a kan madaidaicin madaidaicin wurin buɗewa da rufewa (kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto 4) yana tura farantin ɓangaren buɗewa don sake saitawa kuma sake shigar da shi tare da bude rabin-shaft. Wannan yana sake kafa tsarin tallafi mai siffar matsi da aka kafa ta faranti na buɗewa da rufewa kuma yana tura babban rabin shaft ɗin baya zuwa kusurwar asali. A lokaci guda, fayafai masu taimako na ɓangarorin biyu na faifan birki suna aiki a kan na baya na babban farantin mai siffar fan yayin da suke jujjuya tare da babban shaft. Wannan yana ɗaga ɓangaren baya na babban farantin mai siffa mai fan kuma yana rage sashin gaba, yana shirya shi don kulle abin nadi na gaba zuwa diskin birki.

Hoto na 4: Buɗewa da Rufe Matsayin Ƙaƙwalwar Shaft Haɗa Sanda

Sanda mai haɗawa na taimako yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin aikin injin sauya VD4. Yana tabbatar da sauƙi mai sauƙi tsakanin wuraren buɗewa da rufewa ta hanyar haɗa faranti na budewa da rufewa da kuma sauƙaƙe motsin su.

3. Module na fitarwa

Tsarin fitarwa na tsarin aiki na VD4 wani abu ne mai mahimmanci wanda ke canza jujjuyawar motsi na babban shaft zuwa motsi na layi da ake buƙata don buɗewa da rufe mai jujjuyawa. Ya ƙunshi fayafai na cam guda uku waɗanda aka ɗora a kan babban shaft da hanyoyin haɗin hannu biyu masu motsi waɗanda ke ƙasan injin.

Hanya mai motsi mai hannu biyu tana aiki azaman lever, tare da fulcrum ɗin sa a tsakiya. Ƙarshen gaba na lever yana tasiri ta hanyar cam ɗin cam akan babban shaft, yayin da ƙarshen baya yana da alaƙa da sandar ja mai rufewa na kumfa mai kumfa da kuma buɗewar bazara.

Yayin aikin rufewa, faifan cam yana juyawa tare da babban shaft, danna ƙasa a kan rollers a gaban ƙarshen mahaɗin motsi mai hannu biyu. Wannan aikin yana ɗaga ƙarshen hanyar haɗin yanar gizo, yana tura sandar insulating zuwa sama da rufe lambobi masu ƙarfi da tsayin daka a cikin kumfa. A lokaci guda, buɗewar bazara yana matsawa, yana adana makamashi don aikin buɗewa na gaba.

Sabanin haka, yayin aikin buɗewa, cam ɗin diski yana jujjuya a cikin kishiyar hanya, yana sakin rollers a gaban ƙarshen haɗin haɗin hannu biyu. Wannan yana ba da damar buɗaɗɗen buɗewar buɗewa don faɗaɗawa, raba lambobi masu ƙarfi da a tsaye da buɗe kewaye.

4. Aikin Kulle

Tsarin aiki na VD4 ya haɗa da cikakken aikin kullewa wanda ke haɓaka aminci da aminci. Anan duban kusa ga kowane fasalin kullewa:

1. Haramcin Rufe Lokacin da abin hannu ke Matsayin Tsakiya:
   • An shigar da electromagnet na kullewa (Y1).
   • Ana haɗe iyakoki (S8 da S9) a layi daya tare da na'urar kulle kulle don samar da da'irar kullewa.
   • Lokacin da keken hannu yana cikin wurin gwaji ko matsayi na aiki, ko dai S8 ko S9 suna haɗawa zuwa da'irar kullewa, cajin madaidaicin kullewa da kuma sakin injin kulle-kulle na Semi-axis.
   • An haɗa wani maɓalli na taimako (S2) a cikin kewayawa na rufewa na kewayawa a cikin jerin tare da motsi na ƙarfe mai motsi na kulle kulle electromagnet, shirya da'irar don aiwatar da umarnin rufewa.wanda aka ambata a sama, ma'auni ya haɗu da kulle inji da kulle lantarki, wanda shine cikakken tsarin kullewa.

Bayanin ya ba da cikakken bayani game da mahimmanci da aiki na maɓalli na S2 a cikin kewayen rufewar zane mai sarrafa wutar lantarki na VD4 don na'urar da'ira mai nau'in keken hannu. Anan ga taƙaitaccen taƙaitaccen bayani da bayanin mahimman abubuwan:

Auxiliary Switch S2 a cikin Da'irar Rufewa

1. Ingantattun Dogaran Kulle:
   • Ana amfani da maɓalli na S2 tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da kulle injin da aka samar ta hanyar kulle kulle electromagnet Y1.
   • Wannan tsarin kulle dual yana ƙara amincin aikin kulle mai watsewar kewayawa.
2. Rigakafin zafi da lalacewa:
   • Idan ba a haɗa S2 a cikin da'irar rufewa ba, kuma keken hannu mai watsewa yana karɓar umarni na rufewa yayin da yake tsakiyar matsayi, za a ƙarfafa kewayen rufewa.
   • Saboda aikin toshewa na kulle kulle electromagnet Y1, rufe rabin axis ba zai iya jujjuya ba, yana hana na'urar rufewa daga rufewa.
   • Wannan zai haifar da tsawaita ƙarfin ƙarfin lantarki na rufewa, haifar da zafi da yuwuwar ƙonewa.
3. Rawar Canji Na Agaji:
   • Ta hanyar haɗa S2 a cikin kewaye, yana tabbatar da cewa wutar lantarki na rufewa yana ƙarfafawa ne kawai lokacin da mai watsawa ya kasance a daidai matsayi don rufewa.
   • Wannan yana hana kuzarin da ba dole ba da kuma yuwuwar lalacewa ga wutar lantarki.

Rufe Injinin Interlock

1. Kulle Makanikai:
   • Na'urar kullewa tsarin na'ura ce zalla wanda ke amfani da tsarin mahaɗi huɗu wanda ya ƙunshi farantin maɓalli mai katsewa, lever, da lever na kullewa.
   • An kafa wannan tsarin ne tsakanin madaidaicin jagorar motar chassis da kuma rufe rabin-shaft na na'urar kewayawa.
2. Ayyuka:
   • Lokacin da keken hannu mai watsewa yana cikin gwaji ko matsayi na aiki, farantin madaidaicin madauri a cikin chassis yana kwance, yana ba da damar rufe rabin-shaft ɗin don juyawa cikin yardar kaina.
   • Lokacin da keken hannu ya kasance a tsakiya, farantin kulle yana ɗagawa da dunƙule gubar, yana haifar da lever ɗin kulle don haɗawa da cam ɗin filastik na rufe rabin-shaft, yana kulle jujjuyawar sa.

A ƙarshe, maɓallin S2 na taimako a cikin kewayen rufewa da tsarin kullewa duka biyun mahimman abubuwan haɗin gwiwa ne waɗanda ke tabbatar da aminci da amincin aiki na keken hannu. Suna aiki tare don hana ayyukan rufewa mara izini ko rashin tsaro da kuma kare kayan aiki daga yuwuwar lalacewa.

Hoto na 6 Rufe Injin Matsala

Bayanin da aka bayar yana ba da cikakken bayyani na abubuwan haɗin keken keken hannu na VD4 da ayyukansu, musamman mai da hankali kan hanyoyin aminci da iyakokin aiki. Anan ga taƙaitawa da bayanin mahimman abubuwan:

1. Nakasar Chassis da Kulawa:
   • Binciken ya nuna cewa nakasar chassis ko cushewa na iya hana makullin injin ya saki yadda ya kamata, wanda hakan ya kai ga kone kullin rufewar.
   • Don hana wannan, ya kamata a gudanar da bincike na yau da kullun da kiyaye abubuwan da ke da alaƙa don tabbatar da chassis ɗin yana cikin kyakkyawan yanayin aiki.
2. Toshe Motsin Kayan Hannu Lokacin da aka Rufe Mai Sake Sake:
   • Maɓallin VD4 yana amfani da tsarin kulle injina don hana motsin motar hannu ciki ko waje lokacin da ke rufe da'ira.
   • Ana samun wannan ta hanyar haɗin kai tsakanin firam ɗin kullewa a kan farantin haɗin gwiwa da na gaba na gaba na hanyar haɗin gwiwar motsi biyu-lokacin B.
   • Lokacin da aka rufe mai jujjuyawar kewayawa, ana danna rollers na gaba, suna haifar da ƙaramin rata tare da firam ɗin kullewa. Ƙoƙarin matsar da keken hannu zai haifar da dunƙule gubar don matsawa da farantin makullin, wanda hakan ke mayar da martani akan dunƙule gubar, yana toshe motsi.
3. Toshe Maɓallin Rufe Ba tare da Ajiye Makamashi ba:
   • Yana da mahimmanci cewa na'urar ta'aziyya tana da isasshen kuzari da aka adana kafin a iya rufe shi.
   • Idan ba tare da ajiyar makamashi ba ko rashin cikakkiyar ajiyar makamashi, saurin rufewa da ƙarfi za su ragu, mai yuwuwar haifar da gazawar rufewa.
   • Maɓalli na VD4 yana amfani da haɗin gwiwa tsakanin farantin makullin ajiyar makamashi da farantin tsawo na rufewa mai siffar fan don toshe rufewa lokacin da babu ajiyar makamashi.
   • Lokacin da ajiyar makamashi ya cika, abin nadi akan sandar haɗin makamashi yana haɗawa da diski, yana barin mai watsewar kewayawa ya rufe kullum.

A taƙaice, kayan aikin motar hannu na chassis na VD4 sun haɗa da hanyoyin aminci don hana aiki mara kyau, kamar toshe motsi lokacin da na'urar ke rufewa da hana rufewa ba tare da isassun ƙarfin ajiyar makamashi ba. Kulawa na yau da kullun da duba waɗannan abubuwan suna da mahimmanci don tabbatar da aminci da amincin aiki na kayan aiki.

Hoto 8 Matsayin kulle farantin wutar lantarki lokacin da ake adana makamashi

Rubutun da aka bita:

Hoto na 8 (b) yana kwatanta matsayin farantin kullewa na ajiyar makamashi lokacin da ba a adana makamashi ba.

Don cika na'urar kullewa da aka ambata a baya, ana kuma haɗa maɓallin VD4 a jere tare da madaidaicin ma'aunin makamashi S1 (kamar yadda aka kwatanta a hoto na 5) a cikin kewayen rufewa. Wannan tsari yana haɓaka aikin kulle wutar lantarki da kariya daga yuwuwar ƙona wutar lantarki na rufewa.