Isakhiwo kanye Nomgomo we-ABB VD4 Circuit Breaker Operating Mechanism

I VD4, i-ABB eyaziwa ngokuthi yi-medium-voltage circuit breaker, isidayise cishe amayunithi ayisigidi emhlabeni jikelele. Naphezu kokuthembeka kwayo, amaphutha ayenzeka, ikakhulukazi endleleni yokusebenza. Izisebenzi zesondlo zithembele kumanuwali ye-ABB, kodwa imihlahlandlela enemininingwane ayitholakali. Ngokuhlahlela i-VD4 elahliwe, umbhali unikeza imininingwane ukusiza emsebenzini ongokoqobo.

Umshini we-VD4 uhlanganisa intwasahlobo ehlelayo yokuskrola kanye ne-shaft eyinhloko, enezinyathelo eziningi zokuthi gudlu ukuze kugcinwe indawo nokuguqulwa, ephuma ngeleva yekhamera.

1.Isitoreji Samandla:

I-VD4 isebenzisa iziphethu zokuskrola ezizinzile ze-planar, ithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwemishini uma kuqhathaniswa neziphethu zendabuko.

Umbhalo Ohleliwe:

Umfanekiso 1: Indiza Yokuskrola Intwasahlobo

Njengoba kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 1, ingxenye eyodwa yesiphethu sokuskrola kwendiza ivikelwe ku-shaft eyinhloko, kuyilapho enye inamathele ku-spring casing. Ngesikhathi sokugcinwa kwamandla, indawo yokugcina ye-shaft ye-volute spring ihlala imile, futhi injini yokugcina amandla noma i-rocker yokugcina amandla izungeza i-spring casing ngokwewashi (njengoba ibhekwa kusukela ohlangothini lwesobunxele lomshini; umumo ofanayo uyasebenza kuyo yonke indawo) nge-ratchet pawl, iketango, kanye negiya elikhulu, ngaleyo ndlela icindezela intwasahlobo yomqulu.

Uma kuziwa ekuvuleni nasekuvaleni imisebenzi, ukuphela kwegobolondo lesiphethu sokuskrola kuyalungiswa, futhi lapho kukhululwa umshini wokukhubeka, i-shaft eyinhloko izungeza ngokwewashi ngaphansi kokushayela kwesiphethu sokuskrola, ikhiphe amandla ayo agciniwe.

Uma kubhekwa ukuthi i-VD4 isebenzisa isiphethu sokuskrola esihleliwe, inguquko phakathi kwezimo zentwasahlobo "engashajiwe" kanye "nesigciniwe" iyahluka kuzinqubo eziningi ezisetshenziswa entwasahlobo. Kuhilela ukuhlelwa okungaguquguquki kwegebe kugobolondo lesiphethu somqulu, okwenziwa lula ukuhlotshaniswa kwediski, ikhamera eyinsiza enamathiselwe ku-shaft eyinhloko, kanye nerola efakwe entweni yokuxhuma yokugcina amandla. Ngamagama alula, uma ukugcinwa kwamandla sekuqediwe, i-roller, eqhutshwa induku yokuxhuma isitoreji samandla, ingena endaweni ye-notch kudiski. Ngokulandelayo, induku yokuxhuma isitoreji samandla izungeza iye ku-engeli ethile, ikhuthaza ukuthintana okuyisiza kwesitoreji samandla kanye nenkomba yomshini wokulondoloza amandla ukuthi ishintshele esimweni "sokugcinwa kwamandla". Ngokuphambene, phakathi nenqubo yokuvala i-circuit breaker, i-radius enkulu yekhamera eyisizayo idlula igebe lediski, iphushela i-roller emuva emaphethelweni angaphandle ediski. Lesi senzo sibuyisela induku yokuxhuma isitoreji samandla ku-engeli yayo yasekuqaleni, okubangela ukuthintana okuyisiza kwesitoreji samandla kanye nenkomba yomshini wesitoreji samandla ukuthi ibuyele esimweni "sokuGcina Amandla Okungewona Amandla".

Umfanekiso 2: Umdwebo Wezinhlelo Zokushintshwa Kwesimo Sesitoreji Samandla

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi, esimweni sokushintshwa kwe-VD4 yendabuko esendaweni evulekile ngaphandle kokugcinwa kwamandla, inani elibalulekile lamandla lihlala ligcinwe ngaphakathi kwentwasahlobo yomqulu wepulani. Ngakho-ke, izinyathelo zokuphepha kusafanele zithathwe.

2. Trip Module

Imojula yohambo yomshini wokusebenza weswishi ye-VD4 iziqhayisa ngomklamo oshelelayo nohlukile. Naphezu kokubonakala kwayo inkimbinkimbi, lapho uyidiliza futhi uyihlaziya, yonke imojula yokukhubeka ingahlukaniswa ibe izakhiwo ezintathu eziyisisekelo zokukhubeka:

Isakhiwo sokukhubeka sesiteji sokuqala siqukethe irola yangaphambili kanye nediski yebhuleki yepuleti elikhulu elimise okwefeni, elisebenza njengesakhiwo sokukhubeka esikhethekile "sesivinjiwe + nerola". Isigaba sesibili sihlanganisa ipuleti elikhulu elimise okume njengefeni kanye ne-half-shaft enkulu, okwakha isakhiwo sokukhubeka esivamile "se-half-shaft + shape-shaped plate". Isigaba sesithathu sihlanganisa i-half-shaft evulayo, ipuleti elivula elimise okukafeni, i-half-shaft evalayo, kanye nepuleti elivala elimise okwefeni, elihlanganisa amasethi amabili "engxenye yeshafti + yepuleti elimise okwefeni" inhlanganisela yezinsimbi ezigoqayo.

Umfanekiso 3: Umdwebo Wesakhiwo Wemojuli Yohambo

Imojuli yohambo ye-VD4 switch ye-VD4 isebenza kokubili ukubamba kanye nomsebenzi wokukhubeka. Ake singene kule misebenzi ngokuningiliziwe.

Ukubamba Umsebenzi:

Sithatha indawo yokuvala njengesibonelo, uma isenzo sokuvala sesiqediwe, irola elingaphambili lepuleti elikhulu elimise okwefeni liwela endaweni ehambisanayo yebhuleki disc. Kuleli qophelo, i-half-shaft enkulu ibanjwe ngokuvikelekile ngesakhiwo se-pincer esakhiwe amapuleti omkhakha wokuvula nokuvala. Lokhu kuvimbela amarola angaphambili amapuleti omkhakha omkhulu ukuthi angaphakami, akhiye ngempumelelo i-brake disc futhi agcine i-shaft eyinhloko isendaweni yokuvala.

Tripping Umsebenzi:

Manje, ake sicabangele umsebenzi wokukhubeka sisebenzisa isenzo sokuvula njengesibonelo. Lapho umshini uthola umyalo wokuvula, i-half-eksisi yokuvula izungeza ngokwewashi nge-engeli ethile. Lokhu kunyakaza kubangela ipuleti lefeni elivulayo ukuthi lilahlekelwe yi-fulcrum yalo yesikhashana futhi lizungezise ngokwewashi, lihlakaze isakhiwo sokusekela esimise okwephinifa esakhiwe ukuvuleka nokuvala amapuleti amise okwefeni. Njengomphumela, i-half-eksisi enkulu izungeza ngokuphambene newashi ngaphansi kwesenzo sentwasahlobo ebuyayo, idedela ipuleti elikhulu elimise okwefeni. Ipuleti elikhulu elimise okwefeni libe seliphakamisa irola yangaphambili ngaphansi kwesenzo se-return spring, idedele i-brake disc. I-brake disc izungeza ngokwewashi ngaphansi kwesenzo sentwasahlobo yokuskrola, iqalisa isenzo sokuvula.

Phakathi nenqubo yokuvula, induku yokuxhuma ku-shaft eyisizayo yendawo yokuvula nokuvala (njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 4) iphusha ipuleti yomkhakha wokuvula ukuze iphinde iphinde iphinde ihlanganise ne-half-shaft yokuvula. Lokhu kuphinda kumise isakhiwo sokusekela esimise okwe-clamp esakhiwe amapuleti omkhakha wokuvula nokuvala futhi kuphushele i-half-shaft enkulu emuva e-engeli yayo yasekuqaleni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ama-axiliary discs ezinhlangothini zombili ze-brake disc asebenza kumarola angemuva wepuleti elikhulu elimise okwefeni njengoba ezungeza ne-shaft eyinhloko. Lokhu kuphakamisa ingxenye engemuva yepuleti elikhulu elimise okwefeni bese kwehlisa ingxenye engaphambili, ilungiselela ukukhiya okulandelayo kwerola yangaphambili kudiski yebhuleki.

Umfanekiso wesi-4: Isikhundla Sokuvula Nokuvala I-Axiliary Shaft Connecting Rod

I-axiliary shaft yokuxhuma induku idlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kwe-VD4 switch mechanism. Iqinisekisa ukuguquka okushelelayo phakathi kwezikhundla zokuvula nokuvala ngokuxhuma amapuleti omkhakha wokuvula nokuvala nokwenza lula ukunyakaza kwawo.

3. Okukhiphayo Module

Imojula yokukhipha yendlela yokusebenza ye-VD4 iyisici esibalulekile esiguqula ukunyakaza okujikelezayo kwe-shaft eyinhloko ibe ukunyakaza okuqondile okudingekayo ukuze uvule futhi uvale i-circuit breaker. Iqukethe ama-cam discs amathathu afakwe ku-shaft eyinhloko kanye nezixhumanisi ezintathu ezinyakazayo ezinezingalo eziphindwe kabili ezitholakala ngaphansi komshini.

Isixhumanisi esinyakazayo esinezingalo ezimbili sisebenza njenge-lever, ne-fulcrum yaso etholakala phakathi nendawo. Ingxenye engaphambili ye-lever ithonywa i-cam disc ku-shaft eyinhloko, kuyilapho ukuphela kwangemuva kuxhunywe ku-insulating pull rod ye-vacuum bubble kanye nesiphethu sokuvula.

Ngesikhathi sokuvala, i-cam disc izungeza ne-shaft eyinhloko, icindezela phansi kuma-roller ekugcineni kwesixhumanisi esinyakazayo sezingalo ezimbili. Lesi senzo siphakamisa isiphetho esingemuva sesixhumanisi, siphushela induku yokudonsa evikelayo phezulu futhi sivale abathintwayo abaguqukayo nabamile ngaphakathi kwebhamuza levacuum. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, intwasahlobo yokuvula iyacindezelwa, igcina amandla okusebenza okuvula okulandelayo.

Ngokuphambene nalokho, ngesikhathi sokuvula, i-cam disc ijikeleza ngokuphambene, ikhulula ama-rollers ekugcineni kwesixhumanisi esihambayo sezingalo ezimbili. Lokhu kuvumela intwasahlobo yokuvula ukuthi ikhule, ihlukanise othintana nabo abaguquguqukayo nabaqinile futhi ivule isifunda.

4. Umsebenzi wokukhiya

Indlela yokusebenza ye-VD4 ihlanganisa umsebenzi wokukhiya obanzi othuthukisa ukuphepha nokuthembeka. Nakhu ukuhlolisisa isici ngasinye sokukhiya:

1. Ukwenqatshelwa Kokuvalwa Uma Inqola Ephathwayo Isendaweni Emaphakathi:
   • I-electromagnetic yokuvala (Y1) ifakiwe.
   • Amaswishi anomkhawulo (i-S8 ne-S9) axhunywe ngokuhambisana ne-electromagnetic evalayo ukuze akhe isekethe yokuvala yokuvala.
   • Uma inqola yesandla isendaweni yokuhlola noma indawo yokusebenza, i-S8 noma i-S9 ixhumeka kuyisekethi yokuvala yokuvala, ishaje uzibuthe ovalayo wokukhiya futhi idedele ukukhiya kokuvala kwe-semi-eksisi.
   • I-switch ayisizi (S2) kumjikelezo wokuvala we-breaker circuit ixhunywe ochungechungeni nensimbi ehambayo ye-electromagnetic evalayo yokuvala, ilungiselela umjikelezo wokwenza umyalo wokuvala.okukhulunywe ngenhla, isilinganiso sihlanganisa ukukhiya ngomshini nokukhiya kagesi, okuwuhlelo olubanzi lokukhiya.

Incazelo inikeze imininingwane yokubaluleka nokusebenza kwe-switch eyi-S2 eyi-axiliary switch kumjikelezo wokuvala womdwebo wezintambo zokulawula ugesi we-VD4 we-breaker circuit yohlobo lwenqola yesandla. Nasi isifinyezo kanye nencazelo yamaphuzu abalulekile:

I-Axiliary Shintshela i-S2 kumjikelezo wokuvala

1. Ukuthembeka Okuthuthukisiwe Kokukhiya:
   • I-switch ayisizi ye-S2 isetshenziswa ngokuhambisana nokukhiya ngomshini okunikezwa yi-electromagnetic yokuvala i-Y1.
   • Le ndlela yokukhiya ekabili inyusa ukuthembeka komsebenzi wokukhiya we-circuit breaker.
2. Ukuvimbela Ukushisisa Nokulimala:
   • Uma i-S2 ingafakiwe kumjikelezo wokuvala, futhi inqola ye-circuit breaker ithola umyalo wokuvala ngenkathi isendaweni emaphakathi, isifunda sokuvala singanikwa amandla.
   • Ngenxa yesenzo sokuvimbela i-electromagnetic yokuvala yokuvala i-Y1, i-half-axis evalayo ayikwazi ukujikeleza, ivimbela i-circuit breaker ukuthi ivale.
   • Lokhu kuzoholela ekunikezeni amandla isikhathi eside kwe-electromagnetic evalayo, kuyenze ishise kakhulu futhi icishe iphele.
3. Indima Yokushintsha Okusizayo:
   • Ngokufaka i-S2 kusekethe, iqinisekisa ukuthi uzibuthe ovalayo unikwa amandla kuphela uma i-breaker yesifunda isendaweni efanele yokuvala.
   • Lokhu kuvimbela amandla angadingekile kanye nokulimala okungenzeka ku-electromagnetic.

Ukuvala I-Interlock Mechanism

1. Ukukhiya ngomshini:
   • Indlela yokuvala i-interlock iyisistimu yomshini kuphela esebenzisa isakhiwo esinezixhumanisi ezine esakhiwe ipuleti le-interlock le-circuit breaker, i-interlock lever, neleva yokukhiya.
   • Lo mshini usungulwa phakathi kwesikulufu sokuhola semoto ka-chassis kanye ne-half-shaft yokuvala i-circuit breaker.
2. Ukusebenza:
   • Uma inqola ye-circuit breaker isesivivinyweni noma endaweni yokusebenza, ipuleti le-interlock le-circuit breaker ku-chassis livundlile, livumela i-half-shaft evalayo ukuthi ijikeleze ngokukhululeka.
   • Uma inqola yesandla isendaweni emaphakathi, ipuleti le-interlock liphakanyiswa yisikulufu esiholayo, okubangela ukuthi i-lever yokukhiya ihlangane nekhamera yepulasitiki ye-half-shaft evalayo, ikhiye ukujikeleza kwayo.

Sengiphetha, i-switch eyisizayo ye-S2 kumjikelezo wokuvala kanye nendlela yokuvala yokuvala kokubili kuyizingxenye ezibalulekile eziqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile nokuthembekile kwenqola yesandla ye-circuit breaker. Basebenza ndawonye ukuze bavimbele ukuvala okungagunyaziwe noma okungaphephile futhi bavikele okokusebenza ekulimaleni okungaba khona.

Umfanekiso wesi-6 wokuvala i-Interlock Mechanism

Incazelo enikeziwe inikeza ukubuka konke okunemininingwane yezingxenye ze-chassis yenqola yesandla ye-VD4 nemisebenzi yazo, ikakhulukazi egxile ezindleleni zokuphepha kanye nezingqinamba zokusebenza. Nasi isifinyezo nencazelo yamaphuzu abalulekile:

1. I-Chassis Deformation kanye Nokugcinwa:
   • Ucwaningo lwembula ukuthi ukuwohloka kwe-chassis noma i-jamming kungavimbela ukukhiya kwemishini ukuthi ingadedeli kahle, okuholela ekushisweni kwekhoyili yokuvala.
   • Ukuvimbela lokhu, ukuhlolwa nokugcinwa njalo kwezingxenye ezihlobene kufanele kwenziwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi i-chassis isesimweni esihle sokusebenza.
2. Ukuvimba Ukunyakaza Kwenqola Lapho I-Circuit Breaker Ivaliwe:
   • Iswishi ye-VD4 isebenzisa umshini wokukhiya ukuvimbela inqola ukuthi ingangeni noma iphume lapho i-breaker yesifunda ivaliwe.
   • Lokhu kufinyelelwa ngokusebenzisana phakathi kohlaka lokukhiya epuleti elihlanganayo kanye namarola angaphambili wesixhumanisi esinyakazayo sesigaba se-B sezingalo ezimbili.
   • Lapho i-breaker circuit ivaliwe, ama-roller angaphambili acindezelwa phansi, enza igebe elincane ngefreyimu yokukhiya. Ukuzama ukuhambisa inqola yesandla kuzobangela isikulufu esiholayo ukuthi sisunduze ku-interlock plate, yona esabela kusikulufu sokuhola, ivimbe ukunyakaza.
3. Ukuvimba Ukushintsha Ukuvala Ngaphandle Kwesitoreji Samandla:
   • Kubalulekile ukuthi i-circuit breaker ibe namandla anele agcinwe ngaphambi kokuthi ivalwe.
   • Ngaphandle kwesitoreji samandla noma isitoreji samandla esingaphelele, isivinini sokuvala namandla azokwehla, okungase kuholele ekuhlulekeni kokuvala.
   • Ukushintsha kwe-VD4 kusebenzisa ukubambisana phakathi kwepuleti lokukhiya isitoreji samandla kanye nepuleti lesandiso lepuleti lokuvala elimise okwefeni ukuvimba ukuvala lapho singekho isitoreji samandla.
   • Uma ukugcinwa kwamandla sekuqediwe, i-roller endongeni yokuxhuma isitoreji samandla isebenzisana nediski, okuvumela i-circuit breaker ukuthi ivale ngokujwayelekile.

Kafushane, izingxenye ze-chassis yenqola yesandla ye-VD4 zifaka izindlela zokuphepha zokuvimbela ukusebenza okungalungile, njengokuvimbela ukunyakaza lapho i-circuit breaker ivaliwe nokuvimbela ukuvala ngaphandle kokugcinwa kwamandla okwanele. Ukugcinwa njalo nokuhlolwa kwalezi zingxenye kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuphephile nokuthembekile kwemishini.

Umfanekiso 8 indawo yepuleti lokukhiya isitoreji samandla lapho amandla egcinwa

Umbhalo Obuyekeziwe:

Umfanekiso 8(b) ubonisa indawo yepuleti lokuvala isitoreji samandla uma amandla angekho agciniwe.

Ukuze kuhambisane nomshini wokukhiya oshiwo ngenhla, isishintshi se-VD4 siphinde sixhunywe ochungechungeni ne-switch eyinsiza yokugcina amandla engu-S1 (njengoba kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 5) ngaphakathi kwesekethe yokuvala. Lolu hlelo luthuthukisa umsebenzi wokukhiya ugesi futhi luvikele ekushiseni okungaba khona kukazibuthe ovalayo.