Kapangidwe ndi Mfundo ya ABB VD4 Circuit Breaker Operating Mechanism

The VD4, makina odziwika bwino apakati pamagetsi a ABB, agulitsa pafupifupi mayunitsi miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi. Ngakhale kudalirika kwake, zolakwika zimachitika, makamaka pamakina ogwiritsira ntchito. Ogwira ntchito yosamalira amadalira buku la ABB, koma malangizo atsatanetsatane ndi osowa. Pochotsa VD4 yochotsedwa, wolemba amapereka zidziwitso zothandizira pantchito yothandiza.

Makina a VD4 amakhala ndi pulani yopukutira kasupe ndi shaft yayikulu, yokhala ndi masitepe angapo pakukonza ndikusintha, kutulutsa kudzera pa lever ya cam.

1.Kusungirako Mphamvu:

VD4 imagwiritsa ntchito akasupe a mipukutu yokhazikika, kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito poyerekeza ndi akasupe achikhalidwe.

Zolemba Zosinthidwa:

Chithunzi 1: Ndege Mpukutu Spring

Monga momwe chithunzi 1 chikusonyezera, mbali imodzi ya kasupe wa mpukutu wa ndege imatetezedwa ku tsinde lalikulu, pamene mapeto ena amamangiriridwa ku masika. Munthawi yosungira mphamvu, mathero a shaft yayikulu ya kasupe wa volute amakhalabe ayi, ndipo mota yosungiramo mphamvu kapena chosungira mphamvu chimazungulira kasupe kozungulira mozungulira (monga momwe zimawonedwera kumanzere kwa makinawo; mawonekedwe omwewo akugwiranso ntchito) kudzera pa ratchet pawl, unyolo, ndi zida zazikulu, potero zimalimbitsa kasupe wa mpukutu.

Pankhani yotsegula ndi kutseka, mapeto a chipolopolo cha mpukutu amakhazikika, ndipo ikatulutsidwa makina odumpha, shaft yaikulu imazungulira mozungulira pansi pa kuyendetsa kwa kasupe wa mpukutu, kutulutsa mphamvu zake zosungidwa.

Popeza kuti VD4 imagwiritsa ntchito kasupe wa mpukutu wokonzekera, kusintha pakati pa maiko "osalipidwa" ndi "osungidwa" a masika kumasiyana ndi machitidwe ambiri a masika. Zimaphatikizapo dongosolo lokhazikika pa chipolopolo cha kasupe wa mpukutu, motsogozedwa ndi kugwirizana kwa disk, kamera yothandizira yomangidwira ku shaft yaikulu, ndi chogudubuza choyikidwa pa ndodo yolumikizira mphamvu. M'mawu osavuta, pamene kusungirako mphamvu kumatsirizidwa, chogudubuza, choyendetsedwa ndi ndodo yolumikizira mphamvu yosungiramo mphamvu, imalowa muzitsulo pa disk. Chifukwa chake, ndodo yolumikizira mphamvu yolumikizira imazungulira pangodya inayake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kulumikizana kothandizira kosungirako mphamvu ndi chizindikiro chosungira mphamvu kuti chisinthe kupita ku "Mphamvu Zosungidwa". Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, panthawi yotseka yotsekera dera, kutalika kwakukulu kwa kamera yothandizira kumadutsa kusiyana kwa disk, kukankhira wodzigudubuza kumbuyo kwa diski. Izi zimayendetsa ndodo yolumikizira mphamvu yolumikizira mphamvu ku ngodya yake yoyambirira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti malo osungiramo mphamvu olumikizirana ndi makina osungira mphamvu abwererenso kudziko la "Non-Energy Stored".

Chithunzi 2: Schematic Diagram of Energy Storage State Transition

Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti, pakusintha kwachikhalidwe cha VD4 komwe kuli pamalo otseguka popanda kusungirako mphamvu, mphamvu zambiri zimasungidwa mkati mwa kasupe wa mpukutu wa planar. Choncho, chitetezo chiyenera kuchitidwabe.

2. Ulendo Module

Gawo laulendo la VD4 switch switch limagwirira limakhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino komanso apadera. Ngakhale zikuwoneka zovuta, mukayichotsa ndikuyisanthula, gawo lonse lodumphadumpha likhoza kugawidwa m'magulu atatu ofunikira:

Gawo loyamba lodumphira limapangidwa ndi chogudubuza chakutsogolo ndi cholumikizira cholumikizira cha mbale yayikulu yooneka ngati fan, yomwe imagwira ntchito ngati "detent + roller" yapadera. Gawo lachiwiri limakhala ndi mbale yayikulu yooneka ngati fan ndi shaft yayikulu, kupanga "shaft-shaft + fan-shaped plate" yozungulira. Gawo lachitatu limaphatikizapo kutsegulira theka la shaft, mbale yotsegulira yooneka ngati fan, shaft yotsekera, ndi mbale yotsekera yooneka ngati fan, yomwe imapanga magulu awiri a "half shaft + fan-shaped plate".

Chithunzi 3: Chithunzi Chojambula cha Maulendo a Ulendo

Gawo laulendo la VD4 switch limagwira ntchito yogwira komanso yodutsa. Tiyeni tifufuze mwatsatanetsatane za ntchitozi.

Kugwira Ntchito:

Kutengera malo otsekera mwachitsanzo, ntchito yotseka ikamalizidwa, chogudubuza chakutsogolo cha mbale yayikulu yooneka ngati fan imagwera munjira yofananira pa brake disc. Panthawiyi, shaft yaikulu ya theka imasungidwa bwino ndi pincer yopangidwa ndi mbale zotsegulira ndi kutseka. Izi zimalepheretsa odzigudubuza akutsogolo a mbale zazikuluzikulu kuti asakwezedwe, kutseka bwino chimbale cha brake ndikusunga shaft yayikulu pamalo otseka.

Ntchito Yoyenda:

Tsopano, tiyeni tilingalire ntchito yodumphadumpha pogwiritsa ntchito njira yotsegulira monga chitsanzo. Pamene makinawo alandira lamulo lotsegulira, theka la axis lotsegulira limazungulira mozungulira mozungulira ngodya inayake. Kusunthaku kumapangitsa kuti mbale yotsegulira yotsegulirayo itaya mphamvu yake kwakanthawi ndikuzungulira mozungulira, ndikusokoneza mawonekedwe amtundu wa pincer omwe amapangidwa ndi kutsegulira ndi kutseka kwa mbale zooneka ngati fan. Chotsatira chake, theka lalikulu la axis limazungulira mozungulira pansi pa zochitika za kasupe wobwerera, kutulutsa mbale yaikulu yofanana ndi fan. Mbale yayikulu yooneka ngati fan ndiye imakweza chowongolera chakutsogolo pansi pakuchita kwa masika obwerera, ndikutulutsa chimbale cha brake. Diski ya brake imazungulira mozungulira pansi pa zochitika za kasupe wa mpukutu, ndikuyambitsa kuyambitsa.

Panthawi yotsegulira, ndodo yolumikizira pa shaft yothandizira ya malo otsegulira ndi kutseka (monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 4) imakankhira mbale yotsegulira gawo kuti ikhazikitsenso ndikuyiphatikizanso ndi theka lotsegulira. Izi zimakhazikitsanso chothandizira chofanana ndi chotchinga chomwe chimapangidwa ndi mbale zotsegula ndi zotsekera ndikukankhira gawo lalikulu la shaft ku ngodya yake yoyambirira. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ma disks othandizira mbali zonse za brake disc amachitira kumbuyo kwa mbale yayikulu yooneka ngati fan pamene akuzungulira ndi shaft yaikulu. Izi zimakweza mbali yakumbuyo ya mbale yayikulu yooneka ngati fan ndikutsitsa gawo lakutsogolo, kukonzekera kutseka kotsatira kwa chogudubuza chakutsogolo ku brake disc.

Chithunzi 4: Kutsegula ndi Kutseka Malo Othandizira Shaft Kulumikiza Ndodo

Ndodo yolumikizira shaft yothandizira imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito makina osinthira a VD4. Zimatsimikizira kusintha kosalala pakati pa malo otsegulira ndi kutseka mwa kulumikiza mbale zotsegulira ndi kutseka zamagulu ndikuthandizira kuyenda kwawo.

3. Zotulutsa Module

Gawo lotulutsa la VD4 limagwirira ntchito ndi gawo lofunikira lomwe limasintha kusuntha kozungulira kwa shaft yayikulu mumayendedwe amzere ofunikira kuti mutsegule ndi kutseka wosweka. Zili ndi ma discs atatu a cam omwe amayikidwa pa shaft yayikulu ndi maulalo atatu oyenda ndi manja awiri omwe ali pansi pa makinawo.

Ulalo wosuntha wa mikono iwiri umagwira ntchito ngati lever, ndipo fulcrum yake ili pakati. Mapeto a kutsogolo kwa lever amakhudzidwa ndi cam disc pa kutsinde waukulu, pamene mapeto kumbuyo chikugwirizana ndi insulating kukoka ndodo ya vakuyumu kuwira ndi kutsegula masika.

Panthawi yotseka, cam disc imazungulira ndi shaft yayikulu, kukanikiza pansi pa odzigudubuza kumapeto kwa ulalo wosuntha wa mikono iwiri. Izi zimakweza kumbuyo kwa ulalo, kukankhira ndodo yotsekera m'mwamba ndikutseka zolumikizana zosunthika komanso zosasunthika mkati mwa kuwira kwa vacuum. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kasupe wotsegulira ndi wothinikizidwa, kusunga mphamvu zogwirira ntchito yotsegula.

Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, panthawi yotsegulira, cam disc imazungulira kumbali ina, kumasula odzigudubuza kutsogolo kwa ulalo wosuntha wa mikono iwiri. Izi zimalola kasupe wotsegulira kuti akule, kulekanitsa zolumikizana zamphamvu ndi zokhazikika ndikutsegula dera.

4. Kutseka Ntchito

Njira yogwiritsira ntchito VD4 imaphatikizapo ntchito yotseka yokwanira yomwe imapangitsa chitetezo ndi kudalirika. Nayi kuyang'anitsitsa chilichonse mwazotseka:

1. Kuletsa Kutseka Pamene Ngolo Yamanja Ili Pakatikati:
   • Elekitikiti yotseka yotseka (Y1) imayikidwa.
   • Zosintha zocheperako (S8 ndi S9) zimalumikizidwa molumikizana ndi maginito otseka otsekera kuti apange gawo lotseka lotseka.
   • Ngolo yapamanja ikakhala pamalo oyesera kapena malo ogwirira ntchito, mwina S8 kapena S9 imalumikizana ndi chotchinga chotsekera, kuyitanitsa maginito otsekera otseka ndikumasula kutseka kwamakina kwa semi-axis yotseka.
   • Chophimba chothandizira (S2) mu gawo lotseka la wosweka wozungulira chimalumikizidwa motsatizana ndi chitsulo chosunthika chakumapeto kwa kutseka kwa electromagnet, kukonzekera dera kuti likwaniritse lamulo lotsekera.

Kufotokozeraku kunapereka tsatanetsatane wa kufunikira ndi magwiridwe antchito a switch yothandiza S2 mumayendedwe otseka a VD4 magetsi owongolera mawaya chithunzi chamtundu wa ngolo yamanja. Nayi chidule ndi kufotokozera mfundo zazikuluzikulu:

Wothandizira S2 S2 mu Circuit Yotseka

1. Kudalirika Kotseka Kwambiri:
   • Chothandizira chosinthira S2 chimagwiritsidwa ntchito molumikizana ndi kutseka kwamakina komwe kumaperekedwa ndi kutseka kwa electromagnet Y1.
   • Makina otsekera apawiriwa amawonjezera kudalirika kwa ntchito yotsekera yotsekera.
2. Kupewa Kutentha Kwambiri ndi Kuwonongeka:
   • Ngati S2 sinaphatikizidwe mugawo lotsekera, ndipo ngolo yodutsa dera ilandila lamulo lotseka ili pakatikati, gawo lotseka lingakhale lolimbikitsidwa.
   • Chifukwa cha kutsekereza kwa kutseka kwa electromagnet yotseka Y1, theka-axis yotseka siyingazungulire, kulepheretsa wophwanya dera kuti atseke.
   • Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti ma elekitikitimu otseka akhazikike kwanthawi yayitali, ndikupangitsa kuti itenthe kwambiri komanso imatha kupsa.
3. Ntchito Yosinthira Yothandizira:
   • Mwa kuphatikiza S2 muderali, zimawonetsetsa kuti ma elekitiromu otseka amangopatsidwa mphamvu pomwe wophwanya dera ali pamalo oyenera kutseka.
   • Izi zimalepheretsa mphamvu zosafunikira komanso kuwonongeka kwa electromagnet.

Kutseka kwa Interlock Mechanism

1. Kutseka Kwamakina:
   • Njira yotsekera yotsekera ndi njira yamakina yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito maulalo anayi omwe amapangidwa ndi mbale yotsekereza yolumikizirana, interlock lever, ndi lever yotseka.
   • Makinawa amakhazikitsidwa pakati pa zomangira zotsogola zagalimoto ya chassis ndi theka lotsekera la ophwanya dera.
2. Kachitidwe:
   • Ngolo yamanja yophwanyira dera ikakhala poyesa kapena pogwira ntchito, mbale yotsekereza yotsekera mu chassis imakhala yopingasa, zomwe zimalola kuti theka la shaft lizizungulira momasuka.
   • Ngolo yapamanja ikakhala pakati, mbale yolumikizira imakwezedwa ndi zomangira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chotchingira chotsekera chigwirizane ndi kamera yapulasitiki ya theka la shaft yotseka, ndikutseka kuzungulira kwake.

Pomaliza, chosinthira chothandizira S2 mumayendedwe otseka ndi njira yotsekera yotsekera ndizinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimatsimikizira kugwira ntchito kotetezeka komanso kodalirika kwa ngolo yamanja yophwanyira dera. Amagwirira ntchito limodzi kuti aletse kutseka kosaloledwa kapena kosatetezeka ndikuteteza zida kuti zisawonongeke.

Chithunzi 6 Kutseka kwa Interlock Mechanism

Kufotokozera komwe kwaperekedwa kumapereka chidule cha zigawo za VD4 handcart chassis ndi ntchito zake, makamaka poyang'ana njira zachitetezo ndi zopinga zogwirira ntchito. Nachi chidule ndi kufotokozera mfundo zazikuluzikulu:

1. Kusintha kwa Chassis ndi Kukonza:
   • Kafukufukuyu adawulula kuti kusintha kwa chassis kapena kupanikizana kumatha kuletsa loko yamakina kuti isatuluke bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti koyilo yotseka iwotchedwe.
   • Kuti izi zitheke, kuyang'anira ndi kukonza zinthu zofananira nthawi zonse kuyenera kuchitidwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti chassis ikugwira ntchito bwino.
2. Kuletsa Kuyenda kwa Ngolo Yamanja Pamene Circuit Breaker Yatsekedwa:
   • Chosinthira cha VD4 chimagwiritsa ntchito makina otsekera kuti aletse ngolo yamanja kuti isasunthidwe mkati kapena kunja pomwe chotchinga chatsekedwa.
   • Izi zimatheka kudzera mu mgwirizano pakati pa chimango chokhoma pa mbale yolumikizirana ndi zodzigudubuza zakutsogolo za ulalo wa B-gawo wapawiri-mkono wosuntha.
   • Pamene wosweka dera watsekedwa, odzigudubuza kutsogolo amapanikizidwa pansi, kupanga kusiyana kochepa ndi chimango chotseka. Kuyesa kusuntha ngolo kumapangitsa kuti skruu yotsogolera ikankhidwe ndi interlock plate, yomwe imagwiranso ntchito pa screw ya lead, kutsekereza kuyenda.
3. Kuletsa Kutseka Kusinthana Popanda Kusungirako Mphamvu:
   • Ndikofunikira kuti chodulira chigawocho chili ndi mphamvu zokwanira zosungidwa isanatseke.
   • Popanda kusungirako mphamvu kapena kusungirako mphamvu kosakwanira, liwiro lotseka ndi mphamvu zidzacheperachepera, zomwe zingayambitse kulephera kutseka.
   • Kusintha kwa VD4 kumagwiritsa ntchito mgwirizano pakati pa mbale yosungiramo mphamvu yosungiramo mphamvu ndi mbale yowonjezera ya mbale yotseka yooneka ngati fan kuti atseke kutseka pamene palibe kusungirako mphamvu.
   • Pamene kusungirako mphamvu kwatha, wodzigudubuza pa ndodo yolumikizira mphamvu yosungiramo mphamvu imagwira ntchito ndi diski, kulola kuti wodutsa dera atseke bwinobwino.

Mwachidule, zigawo za VD4 handcart chassis zikuphatikizapo njira zotetezera chitetezo choletsa kugwira ntchito molakwika, monga kutsekereza kuyenda pamene woyendetsa dera atsekedwa ndikuletsa kutseka popanda kusungirako mphamvu zokwanira. Kusamalira nthawi zonse ndi kuyang'anitsitsa zigawozi ndizofunikira kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti zipangizozi zikugwira ntchito bwino komanso zodalirika.

Chithunzi 8 ndi malo otsekera mbale yosungiramo mphamvu pamene mphamvu zasungidwa

Mawu Osinthidwa:

Chithunzi 8(b) chikuwonetsa malo a mbale yotsekera magetsi pomwe palibe mphamvu yosungidwa.

Kuti zigwirizane ndi makina otsekera omwe tawatchulawa, chosinthira cha VD4 chimalumikizidwanso motsatizana ndi chosungirako chothandizira chosungira mphamvu S1 (monga momwe chikusonyezedwera pa chithunzi 5) mkati mwa dera lotseka. Kukonzekera uku kumawonjezera ntchito yotseka magetsi ndikuteteza kutenthedwa komwe kungachitike ndi maginito otseka.